New Hampshire
2 of the 7 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for New Hampshire. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a State in the North Atlantic Division of the North American Union; bounded by Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont , Quebec, and the Atlantic Ocean ; one of the original 13 States; capital, Concord; number of counties, 10; area, 9,005 square miles; pop. (1890) 376,530 ; (1900) 411,588; (1910) 430,572 ; (1920) 443,083. Topography. The surface of the State is rugged. rugged. The Appalachian range of mountains enters the State from Maine. the Besides and as the White Mountains crosses the State diagonally with a maximum elevation in Mount Washington of 6,285 feet. Along the W. part of the State these mountains dwindle down to a range of hills. The White Mountain district is divided by the Saco and Lower Ammonoosuc river valleys, and the "Notch" into the White and Franconia ranges. This region presents magnificent scenery and is known as "Switzerland of America." Mount Washington, there are 28 other peaks over 4,000 feet high. The river system is divided into five drainage basins. The Connecticut river, forming the entire Vermont boundary line, and fed by the Upper and Lower Ammonoosuc, Mascona, Sugar , and Ashuelot rivers , drains the entire W. part of the State. The Androscoggin river , rising in Lake Umbagog, drains the N. E. and the E. mountain district is drained by the Saco. The Piscataqua, with its tributaries, the Salmon Falls, and the Cocheco, forms a S. E. basin. The mouth of this river forms the harbor of Portsmouth, the only harbor on the New Hampshire coast. The Merrimac river, formed by the junction of the Pemigewasset and Winnipiseogee, flows through a region of manufacturing cities to which it supplies unlimited water power . There are numerous beautiful lakes and ponds in the State, the largest being Winnipiseogee. Other lakes are the Umbagog, Squam, Sunapee, Great Bay, New Found, Connecticut, and Diamond lakes. n, and Geology. The principal geological formations of New Hampshire are of Eozoic origin, this State being one of the first portions of the American continent to appear above the primal ocean . Terminal moraines and boulders illustrate the Glacial period, and deposits of Laurentian, Labradorian , Huronian, Atlantic periods are also present. Magnetic and specular iron ore are found in places, and some copper is mined in the towns of Lyman and Monroe. New Hampshire is not an important State in the production of minerals and metals. The chief mineral mineral product is granite. The annual output is valued at about $1,500,000. Bricks were produced in considerable quantities. Other mineral products are garnet , mica, mineral waters, and scythe stones. The total value of the mineral products is about $2,000,000 annually. Soil and Productions. The soil is light and sandy and with the exception of the Connecticut valley and portions of Coos county is not adaptable to farming. The soil is as a rule worn out from constant tillage and makes much better pastur- Vol. VI-Cyc-BB age than farmland. The agricutural interests have of late been turned to stock raising and dairy farming. Large quantities of maple sugar and syrup are produced. The principal farm products are hay, rye, wheat, oats, potatoes, and buckwheat. The production of the principal crops in 1919 was as follows: corn, 1,050,000 bushels, valued at $1,- 785,000; oats, 1,221,000 bushels, valued at $1,038,000; hay, 675,000 tons, valued at $16,200,000; potatoes, 2,400,000 bushels, valued at $4,200,000. The forest trees include several varieties of pine, hemlock, spruce, and maple, oak, beech, birch, elm, hickory, butternut, chestnut, poplar, cherry, ash, and moosewood. Manufactures. In common with other New England States, the industrial interests of New Hampshire are devoted to manufacturing. The abundant water power produced by the Merrimac river makes central and southern New Hampshire one of the most important manufacturing sections of the country. The statistics of manufactures in 1914 was as follows: number of establishments, 1,736; average number of wage earners, 78,993; capital invested $156,749,000 wages paid, $40,642,000; value of materials used, $114,993,000; value of finproducts, ts, $182,844,000. The printipal ished cipal products were cotton and woolen goods, boots and shoes, hosiery and knit goods, leather, machine shop and foundry products, paper, flour, clothing, furniture and wood pulp. Banking. On Oct. 31, 1919, there were reported 55 National banks in operation, having $5,235,000 in capital, $5,457,000 in outstanding circulation, and $5,616,- 500 in United States bonds, and 14 loan and trust companies with $805,000 capital and $932,000 surplus. Education. The total school population of the State is about 80,000. It has an enrolment of about 75,000. In the elementary schools there are about 2,500 teachers and about 600 in the secondary schools. The average yearly salary of male teachers in the secondary schools is about $1,400 and the women teachers about $650. For higher education there were 52 public high schools; 31 private secondary schools; the State Normal School, at Plymouth; Dartmouth College, at Hanover; St. Anselm's College, at Manchester; and the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, at Durham. Churches. The strongest denominations in the State are the Roman Catholic, Congregational, Methodist Episcopal, Regular Baptist, Free Will Baptist, Unitarian, Protestant Episcopal, Advent Christian, and Universalist. Transportation. - The total railway mileage of the State in 1919 was 2,202. Of this 1,020 miles are controlled by the Boston and Maine. Finances-The receipts for the fiscal year 1918 amounted to $4,367,422 and the disbursements to $4,062,048. The net debt of the State amounts to about $1,600,000. Charities and Corrections. The charitable and correctional institutions include a State Normal School at Manchester, State Hospital for the Insane at Concord, State Prison at Concord, State Sanatorium at Concord, School for Feeble-Minded at Laconia, and Soldiers' Home at Tilton. There are also a number of orphan asylums and homes for the children. A child welfare department was created in 1918. State Government. The governor is elected for a term of two years. Legislative sessions are held biennially, beginning on the first Wednesday of January, and are unlimited as to length. The Legislature has 24 members in the Senate, and 300 in the House. There are 2 representatives in Congress. The government in 1920 was Republican. History. New Hampshire was settled in 1629 by an English colonist named Mason, under a grant made in 1623. In 1641 New Hampshire became a portion of the Colony of Massachusetts; whe maintained her authority there till 1679, when the case being brought before the highest court of appeal in England on colonial matters, it was decided that the claim of Massachusetts was illegal, and New Hampshire was constituted a separate province. In 1686, the charter of Massachusetts, having been annulled, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, and Narragansett were united in one royal province, under President Dudley, and afterward under Governor Andros. In 1689, upon the news of the English Revolution, the government of Andros was overthrown, and Massachusetts resumed her old charter. In 1692, the province of New Hampshire was reestablished by the English government. In 1776, the province issued a public declaration of independence, and organized a temporary government. After taking a prominent and distinguished part in the War of the Revolution New Hampshire, in convention (1788), gave in her adhesion to the United States Constitution by a majority of 11 votes in an assembly numbering 103; and in 1807, the seat of government was permanently established at Concord. On July 1, 1869, the State ratified the 15th Amendment to the National Constitution institution maintained by the State at Durham, N. H., having for its object the promotion of agricultural and scientific education. The courses given are in the arts and sciences, engineering, agriculture, and a two-year course industrial mechanics. In 1916 a department of education was added. To residents of New Hampshire the tuition is free. The endowment amounts to $940,000, while the net income is $26,- 000. The college grounds and buildings are valued at $850,000. Students in 1914-1915 numbered 514.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
one of the New England States. It is the most northerly of the original thirteen states. It lies between Vermont and Maine and between Massachusetts and the province of Quebec. The Connecticut River forms the entire western boundary. Massachusetts pushed its northeastern boundary so far beyond the Merrimac river that but eighteen miles of seacoast are left for New Hampshire. The area is 9,336 square miles. The surface is rugged and mountainous. It rises from sea level in billows. The highest elevation, Mount Washington, reaches an altitude of 6,272 feet above sea level. PRODUCTS. New Hampshire is popularly known as the "Old Granite State." Excellent building stone, especially granites and marbles, are present in inexhaustible quantities. Portions of the state are still covered with dense forests. The lumber output is valued at $9,000,000 a year. Agriculture was formerly the chief dependence of the inhabitants. The total value of farms shows an increase from decade to decade, but the raising of standard field crops, especially wheat, has been discontinued largely by reason of cheaper production in the West. The state now buys most of its flour. Attention has been turned toward small farming, fruit growing, gardening, dairying, and poultry raising. The dairies of the state have a high reputation. Manufacturing is the chief industry. The making of boots and shoes , of cottons, and of woolens ranks in the order named. Other important manufactures are wood pulp, hosiery, engines, and machine shop productions. The state has over $100,000,000 invested in manufactures. The annual output of wares, as reported by the last census, was $188,985,902; 70,786 workmen were earning annual wages to the amount of $27,654,404. EDUCATION. New Hampshire is a characteristic New England state. Public libraries were founded as early as 1792. In fact the state led the Union in authorizing town libraries at public expense. Common schools were established at an early date. A normal school was founded at Plymouth in 1870. Free high schools are maintained by the larger towns, and there are over thirty academies. Phillips Exeter has a national reputation for scholarship. The leading institution of learning is Dartmouth College, founded at Hanover in 1769. There is a college of agriculture and mechanic arts at Durham. REPRESENTATIVE MEN. The typical citizen of New Hampshire delights to call the roll of the state's distinguished sons. The names of Webster, Pierce, Greeley, Dix, Butler, and Chase are seldom omitted. General Stark, who led the Green Mountain Boys at Bennington, was a New Hampshire man. POPULATION. The population in 1900 was reported at 411,588, of whom 88,107 were foreign born. The foreign element is chiefly Canadian French. Concord is the capital. There are eleven cities having a population of 6,000 or over. Named in order of size, they are Manchester, Nashua, Concord, Dover, Portsmouth, Berlin, Keene, Rochester, Laconia, Somersworth, and Franklin. STATISTICS. The following are the latest to be had from trustworthy sources: Land area, square miles 9,005 Population 432,624 Manchester (1909) 68,561 Nashua (1909) 28,027 Concord (1906) 21,210 Dover (1906) 13,459 Portsmouth (1906) 11,123 Berlin (1906) 11,982 Keene (1906) 10,197 Number counties 10 Members of state senate 24 Representatives 400 Salary of governor $3,000 U. S. representatives 2 Presidential electors 4 Assessed valuation of property $320,000,000 State revenue $1,900,000 Bonded indebtedness $1,128,000 Acres under plow 1,400,000 Acres under forest 3,600,000 Agricultural Products- Corn, bushels 1,000,000 Wheat, bushels 5,000 Oats, bushels 500,000 Barley, bushels 47,000 Buckwheat, bushels 43,000 Potatoes, bushels 2,500,000 Tobacco, pounds 178,000 Hay, tons 650,000 Wool, pounds 434,000 Butter, pounds 6,500,000 Eggs, dozen 7,000,000 Domestic Animals- Horses 60,000 Milk cows 128,000 Other cattle 103,000 Sheep 77,000 Swine 52,000 Miles of railway 1,267 Capital invested $109,000 Operatives 66,000 Raw material $73,000,000 Output of manufactured goods $123,000,000 Output of granite, value $647,000 Output of mica, value $7,200 Clay products $500,000 Teachers in public schools 2,916 Pupils enrolled 65,000 Percentage of male teachers 7.2 Average monthly salary of men teachers $52.63 Average monthly salary of women teachers $35.21 Average annual expenditure per pupil $29.27 See Merrimac River ; White Mountains ; Dartmouth