Nixon
Nixon names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Nixon GENERAL SIR JOHN (ECCLES)
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
GENERAL SIR JOHN (ECCLES), British army officer; born Aug. 16, 1857. Served in India, holding staff appointments. Served in the Afghan War, 1879-1880; Zamusht expedition, 1879; (medal) Mahsud Waziri expedition, 1881. Chitral relief force (medal and brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel). Chief Staff Officer northwestern frontier of India, 1897-1898. Com- 3 ☆☆ GENERAL GEORGES ROBERT NIVELLE brigade in South Afmanded a cavalry brig rica, 1901-1902 (medals and 4 clasps, C. B.). Commanded the Bengalore brigade, 1903-1906. Inspector-General Cavalry, India, 1906-1908. Commander of 7th Meerut division, 1903-1910; 1st Peshawar division, 1910-1912. Commander southern and northern armies of India, 1912-1915. Commanded the British Me Mesopotamian expedition from April, re- 1915, to January, 1916, when he he tired, owing to ill health. Nixon was criticized for the failure of the expedition which led to the siege of Kut-el- Amara by the Turks and the surrender of General Townshend and the Anglo- Indian army. Has published "Notes for Staff Officers on Field Service."
Nixon LEWIS, an American shipbuilder
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
LEWIS, an American shipbuilder; born in Leesburg, Va., April 7, 1861; was graduated at the United States Naval Academy in 1882; sent to the British Royal Naval College, by the Navy Department; and was transferred to the construction corps of the navy in 1884. In 1890 he designed the battleships "Oregon," "Indiana," and "Massachusetts." He resigned from the navy to become superintendent of Cramps' shipyard, Philadelphia , Pa., and in 1895 he founded the Crescent shipyard, in Elizabeth, N. J., where in six years he built over 100 vessels, among them the submarine torpedo boat "Holland," the monitor "Florida," and the cruiser "Chattanooga." In 1898 he was appointed president of the East River Bridge Commission of New York. Succeeded Richard Croker as leader of Tammany Hall, 1901-1902. Commissioner Public Works for Borough of Richmond, New York City (1914); State Commissioner Public Works (1919); afterward Commissioner Public Service, New York City; author "Canal Tolls and American Shipping."
What Has Changed in the Last Century
When Collier's wrote in 1921, "Nixon" on this shelf meant two men: General Sir John Eccles Nixon, blamed for the Mesopotamian disaster, and Lewis Nixon, the naval architect who designed the battleship Oregon and built the submarine Holland. The name now belongs overwhelmingly to a third Nixon, Richard, then a boy of eight in California, who became the 37th President of the United States in 1969 and in August 1974 became the only president to resign, over the Watergate break-in and cover-up. The criticism of Sir John recorded here hardened into an official verdict: the 1917 Mesopotamia Commission report faulted his conduct of the campaign that ended in Townshend's surrender at Kut in April 1916. Lewis Nixon's Holland, mentioned almost in passing, was the United States Navy's first commissioned submarine and the ancestor of its entire submarine force.
Written for this edition, 2026.