North Carolina

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

a State in the South Atlantic Division of the North American Union; bounded by Virginia, South Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, and the Atlantic Ocean; one of the original 13 States; number of counties, 100; capital, Raleigh; area, 48,500 square miles; pop. (1900) 1,893,810; (1910) 2,206,287; (1920) 2,559,123. Topography. - The E. and larger portion of the State is an undulating country descending toward the low and sandy coast. The W. part is mountainous, being crossed by two ranges of the Appalachian system, one forming the Tennessee boundary. These ranges bear different_names, according to locality; such as Black, Stone, ck, Stone, and Smoky Mountains. The E. range known as the Blue Ridge incloses an irregular plateau. The highest points are Mount Mitchell, 6,732 feet, and Clingham's Peak, 6,619 feet, in the border range; and Grandfather Mountain, 5,897 feet; and Sugar Mountain, 5,312 feet; in the Blue Ridge range. The coast line has a length of 400 miles and consists of a range of low islands and sand bars, locally known as "banks," separated from the mainland by shallow sounds. The largest of the latter are Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds. From the "banks" in many places project promontories, dangerous becaus of their shoals, Cape Hatteras, Cape Lookout, and Cape Fear being the chief ones. The principal rivers are the Cape Fear, flowing 200 miles through the center of the State; Roanoke, and Chowan, flowing into the State from Virginia, and the Neuse, and Tar, emptying into Pamlico Sound. Along the coast are numerous swamps and peat bogs. The great Dismal Swamp of Virginia projects into between the Albemarle and Pamlico the State, and there is a large swamp Sounds. Geology. The mountain ranges of North Carolina are principally of Azoic formation, and the sandy E. portion of Tertiary and Quaternary deposits. The Azoic region is represented by gneiss, granite, and crystalline schists and contains two narrow and irregular strips of coal-bearing sandstone. The State has very small mineral production. A small amount of gold is mined and there is also a small silver production. Other mineral resources are phosphate-rock, alum, graphite, bismuth, kaolin, whetstone, sapphires, amethysts, emeralds, corundum, garnet, and tourmaline. Soil and Productions. - The swamp land when drained, and the river bottoms have exceedingly fertile soil and yield enormous crops, especially of rice and cotton. The N. counties known as the Bright Tobacco Belt, which extends from the Piedmont almost to the coast, produces a large percentage of the yellow tobacco of the United States. The 81° A B 80° C Abingdon sville Martinsville R V I G R New Stuart the Independence Danville Mountain City R Sturgills Grassyoreek nnice o rove Crumpler Pin Apple Grove Brim Pineycreek Sparta Round Peak Price Francisco Sandy Sandy Ridge Stoneville Leaksville Ruffin Palham Bi Clifton ALLEGUANY Mount Alry Stony Mts of Westfield Vade Mecum Jefferson Madison Reidsville Black Fitch Bushyforko Mt Laureisprings Cherrylane Mayodan Semora Scottville Brooks Solitude Ranbury Ararat Dobson Wentworth CASWELL Lessburg STOKES Intelligence o Toda anson of Pilot Mtu. Abshers Yanceyvillep Pinnacle Meadows Roaring Gap ROCKINGHAM Brewers Line Hall Idlewilde Dalton ton Mizpah Boone Moretz Rida Harmon Austin Staterdad Rusk Thompsonville o Meatcamp Siloam Summit Halls Mills, Shoals King Rockford • Donnoha Store Da Benaja Walnut Cove Prospect Hillo Roaring R. Jonesville Be Browns-Summit dstonyfork Tobaccoville O Germanton Ruralhall Elkpark Watsono WATAUGA Eastbend WILKES Ronda YADKIN Boonville Carr Walkertowno Oak Ridge • Banners Elk Altamahaw Union Ridge Summerfield Blu Purlear N-Wilkesboro 8 Cranberry Blowing Rock Yadkinville F ORSYTH Pfafftown Guilford Col. Gibsonvilleo Elon Coy Swep Wilkesboro Call Ja vland Montezuma- GUILFORD Newcastle ALAMANCE Kerners V Einville Globe Elkville Hunting Creek Burlington Gilreath Lovelace, Hamptonville Saginaw Williams Moravian Falls Gi mington Winston-Salem AVERY • Efland Pomona Whitsett o omebane Mortimer Patterson 36 Poors Knob Jennings Houstonville. CALDWELL Aings CH Swepsonville Jamestown Altamon Cand Clemmoas ALEX- Newhope 1080 Wallburg DAVIE Taylorsvill Pleasant Garden Ingall Bizowance Enterprise Hartshorn Collettsville Lenoir Harmony Olin Saxapahaw O Pisgah Rockcreek Highpoint Climax Dealville Calahaln Mocksville Thomasvine Forthcove Hudson O Julian Chapel Hill Hiddenite Sawmill ANDER Yadkin College Archdale Randleman Liberty Snowcamp Stony Point Granite Falls Catawba Haw R BUR KE Connellys Sprs. Lexington IREDELL Cooleemee Hickory • Millboro Worthville Lindley o DAVIDSON • Staley Statesville Marion G Ramseur • Silkhope teflon Alpine Morgantonnover o Woodraf Jubilee Linwood Caraway Claremont Elmwood Clevelandsalisbury Franktinville Coles Store Siler City Pittsboro Orehill Bridgewater Cid O Barium Sprs Ashboro Catawba Newton Spencer Silverhill Mt. Ulla O Henessey 。 RANDOLPH CHATHAM CATAW BA Troutmans • Nealsville ROWA کار Wartman Sherrills Ford Mazeppa Moffitt Bear Cr. Denton Ulah DOWELL Goldston Farmer Maiden Mooresville China Grove Bookwell Louise Brown o Casar o • Erect Gulfo Gold Hill Lock ville Belwood Henry Reepsville Denver Lincolnton Pisgah o Landis to Boaz Thermal City Seagrove 2 Cumnuek Union Mills La Davidson Glass Richfield o Fallston LIN Whitney Lawndale Clevel Carbonton Steeds COLN Cornelius CABARRUS New London BUTHER- Hempo Mills Iron Sta. LEE Putnam Hollis CLEVE StarSwinton Huntersville Southside Crouse Mt. Pleasant tons Carthage Villano Jonwa Cameron Rutherfordton MONTS Concord Longshoals کر 10 Palmerville Swann Sta. Biscoe Forest City Mountain Id. Waco Alexis O Harrisburg Albemarle Cherryville St MOORE FORD Troy Iola Stanley LAND MECKLEN。 Dallas Endicott Ellenbore Rubicon Chiloe Newer Carriker STANLY Shelby GASTON Mt Holly Sandifer GOMERY Candor Lattimore Caroleen Eagle Sprs. Antler Spont Wadeville • Onvil Biddle V. Moor ssemer Cy bastonia Biglick ०२ Charlotte Melvin Hillen Lake View o Macedonia Kings Min. Locus BURG Hoods Belmont Norwood Grover Sprite Mt.Gilead Jackson Sprs. Matthews Minthill Harrisvile Southern Pines Unionville Fry Observer Aberdeen Leavitt 。 Ansonville Pineville Littles Mills O Indian Prail Olivebranch OKE Ellerbe Keyser Vadesboro Gaffney A 35 RICHMOND Hoffman H Polkton UNION Broad Roberdell Raeford Marshrille Lilesville Rockingham Monroe O Yorkville Wingate Dundarrach ANSON Cordova HOME SCOTLAND Lumber Bridge Waxhaw Waterloo White Store Wateree Old Hundred Red Sprs Deep Creek Vilkersville Brown-Cr. Osborne OT Pin Laurel Hill Gibson Laurinburg S Lynches O Maxton Chesterfield Lumber Pates John S Pedee Union O H Chester Lancaster C Bennettsville A Lit. R. Firod Enoree R R 3 Cr. Pedec R L 83° 84° 82° NORTH CAROLINA MAW Mts R 401 WESTERN PART OF Greeneville Nolichucky E Erwin E ittlerock Cr. Cowbell Mts. S Same Scale as Main Map MITCHELL Dandridge Bald Mts. Helston Bakersville 36 Marion 36 Broadw Lit. Knoxville Green Mt. lleghany Newport Ingalls NCEY French 34 R Buonford Hot Sprs. chouse Walnut Burnsville Spruce Pine, Barnardsville Busick Ridge Stackhouse Celod N Tennessee MADISON Pensacola Northcove ynch Bar Barnard Mars Hill Sevierville Lynch Hurricane Marshall Democrat Alexander Weaverville Blue Little Maryville N Woodlawn Pedee Conway Mountains Sterli Jupiter Black M Marion Luck Ocona Lufty league BUNCOMBE MC DOWELL Leicestero Farm Schoolo E Cataloochee Swannanda Old fort Tennessee Crabtr Smoky Vo Stonery New Found Asheville Nealsville To Ridge Candler Biltmore Great HAYWOOD Bryson City BirdtownC more Fair Hew Oftercreek Seph Clyde Canton Fairview Tellico Cherokee Dellw Waynesville Medlin S Arden Skyland Dome Union Millao wood 8. Rutherfordrow RUTHERFORD Whittier o Den Poplargrove Dillsboro Yelloworeek Tuskeegee Willets Sunburst Springdale Fletcher R. Edneyville no 4 Richsgan O GRAHAMlmond Cheonk Sylva Mts. HENDERSON Blantyre Webster Davidsons R. Etowah Henderson vihe therman O Painter Robbinsville Flatrock Dana POLK Brevard antal ACKS Franklin Unaka id Balsam Grove Talula Zirconia Saluda Columbus Glenvire TRANSYLVANI Grance Tellico a Eulalie Georgetown aka Marble To ryon Lynn Melvin Hill Popton palachia Dean Aquone ford Cedar Mtn Nina Ellijav Hiwassen Grandview Andrew's Saluda M Mts MACON osman CHEROKEE kodford Ridge Quebec hes-Mill Gneiss Lake Toxaway Posteln Murphy Blue Blue Cashlers lers p SOUTH CAROLINA Otto Hayesvil Brasatown Culberson Warne Montvale Mayflower Highland 35 35 84° Longitude 83° Greenwich 82° West from 81° 80° A B West Longitude C Dyright, L. L. Poates Eng. Co., 1921 78° 79° E 77° D 76° G F Lawrenceville Princess, Anne Houston Courtland Suffolk Meherry I Boydton Emporia N A Dan R. Back Bay R. False Cape Severn Drumhillo oyock tts Id Woodworth Newman Pleasanthill Cunningham Bethel Eams Corapeake Lilly Margarettsville Vuitare Bulipek Townsville Wise Roanoke Seaboard Pendleton Como Gates Sunbury Snowdetrituok Timberlake Woodsdale Macon Thelma Rapids Garysburgon urg Conway Murfreesboro GATES South Mills Currituck Warren Plains o Millcreek Stovall Middleburg WARREN Littletonin Weldon • Elberon Airheo Aurelian Sprs. Aure Halifax HALIFAX Winton Enre Gatesville Camden Kitchin Roxboro VANCE GRANVILLE ERSON Trotville Warrenton Jackson Potecnai Corolla HERTFORD Dabney Hobbsville Berea Okiskoo Ahoskie Woodland Oxford Ryland 6 Henderson nterlily St. John Grovehill Canaan Moriah o Aizabeth City Rich Square Harrellsville o Epsom o Hargrove Poplar Branch Heathsville • Inez Brinkleyville Belvidere 이 0 Chowan Jarvisbur Rougemont Kittrell o Roxobelo Roxobelo Aulander Powellsville Tillery Bobbitt Pughs Alert o Woody • Ringwood Springhill Bahama o Stem Sound Weeksville • Centerville Tyner Hertford Cedargrove Kelford Askewville Colerain o Lyonso Hester linton PERONELANG Enfield o Creed more Franklin Louisburg Aventon ORANGE Stagville O Obrienton Burges Glenview Lewiston Branning Cisco O Man Scotland Neck Kitty Hawk Northside Nick Hilsboro FRANKLIN Castalia Harbinger Hobgood BERTIE ALBEMARLE SOUND Whitakers 。 W.Dunham Youngsville Margaret NASH Battleboro Epworth Pentou B. Ington Royal Windsor Avoca 36 Durham E. Durham Bulls Bay Speedo Oak City Hamilton Merry Hill Raynor DURANT'S o Wake Forest Mashoes Leggett Bachelors Ft. Landing Croatan DURHAM Rogers Store Nashville Sans Souci ROANGREI B Riley River Manteo 7 EDGECOMBE O Woodard Mackey Ferry Hassell Roper Mackey Bunn Falls o Rolesville • Spring Hope Columbing Gath Nelson Tarboro Rockymount Eastlake Neuse o Parmele Everett Creswell Aymouth R. Hickory drove Tarshasburg Alligator anchese Pinetops Mildred ㅇ) Robeville Williamston Morrisville WAKE Wakefield Jameavillez O Terry DARE WASHINGTON Cherry WARaleigh MARTIN heto ethelongleton Macclesfield Elm City Bynum Glover RALEIGH Wendell O Phelps L Juniper TYRRELL Stumpypoin Taylor Wilson Emit Amherst Monticello Gum Neck okland House Pactolus- Apex Garnero Auburn • Stokes O Pungo L Heflin o Beechgrove . WILSON O Sofountain o Newhill Archer McCullers Green viimesland Saratoga Alligator L Merry Oaks Clayton Black Creek Kenly Lucama Meneure Cardenas Willow when Pinetown Rodanthe Stantonsburg o Farmville PAMLICO SOUND Pantee HYDE Contentne Wilsons Mills Selma Miero 。 Speights Bridge Washington Engelhard Salvo Fuquay Sprs. Smithfield Genaloon Castoria PITT Fairfield Pinelevel Leechville grood P BEAUFORT Bellven Mottamuskeet L ke Landing Eureka JOHNSTON Fremont o Winterville 2 Middletown Fessajna Sanford Kipling o Angier Four-Oaks Pikeville GREENE Neuse Chocowinity Scranton Broadway Bath Hico Ayden Princeton Saulston Barclaysvill Winstead ville ville o Sladesville Shelmerdin Snow Hill Swanquarter Illington WAYNE 10 o Littlefield Bules Cr Hookerton Beasley O Benson Pamlico River Avon HARNERT Hugo Hanrahan O Jason Blounts Bluff Pt. Duke Pineview Goldsboro Rome Vanceborg Newton Grove Cambra Linden Dunn La Grange urora South GreOK Sprs. McKoy&Timothy Dobbersville Sevensprings Kinston Ft. Batnwell Hobneken • Geddy Zoran Bayboro Buxtong 6 Coharie Westrille Dudlev Hattera C.Hatteras Vandemer Frisco Dover o Hobton Bass LENOLR Chip Wade Cove Jones B Hatteras Manchester Codez O Ocracoke Inter Coracoke Alliance Wonington-Tuscarora o Kinnon Cooper Bay h. Calypso So Keener Lydia Lumberdale PAMLIC Repose Faison o Branchs Store New bern Marsh Pt. Huntley Stonewall Merrith CUMBERLAND • Pinkhill s Inlet Cedar B: Stedman Aur MPS ON Trenton James City Vamlico BAY Fayetteville Oriental Albertson o Bowdens Comfort JONES River PORTSMOUTHI Portsmouth 35 Rockfish Hayue Salemburg Elliot Turkey Warsaw R Fourma Resaca Hope Mills Polloksville Riverd Kenansville Roseboro o Clinton Cotton Moltonville Neuse Hallsville RALEIGH Maysville O Cedar Creek Mints & Thomas Parkton Loco Magnolia DURLIN Ca Richlands Floyd o Merri Shannon Catfish L Harkersburg Taylors Bridge South St. Rauls Deppe Havelock Chinquapin Great O Jerome Core 。 • Cromartie Tarheel ear Mobley Catharine L. ear o Rosehill Rennert Ingold Ellis Edge Pax Newport Kuhns ONSLOW Slcan Garland Stella Lo Teacheys Buies Delway Harkers Islana R O Beaufor Wallace Humphrey Jacksonville White Oak Pembroke Howellsville Ruskin Tomahawk o ogue Hubert Bogue Sd Wildw Clearrung • Maplehill BLADEN Willard Northeast Morehead OBESON Alpineo Kerro Delta Watha Bannermans • Yorick Lumberton Allenton Moscow EAN Ivanhoe ZENDER Bogue Inter Dixon Bear Inlet Richardson olkstone.o O C. Lookout Abbottsburg Klondike och Bladenboro Elizabethtown Raynham Holl Atkinson Ashton Annandaleo Burgaw CAPE LOOKOUT Ashpole New R. Inlet 3 SHOALS Pt/Caswel Scotts Hillo 4. Kelly Clarkton Elkton Orrum O Pt. Hampstead o A C Beardman Rosindate O SLOW Canetuck o Barnesville Council Carrie Stump Inlet Cerro Gordo Whiteville E.Arcadia 9 Montague R New Topsail Inlet Hallsboro Cronly NEW adbou and Walcamaw L L.Waccamaw ZX HANNOVER Fair Bluff Rich Inl. Phoenix COLUMB fightsville Leland Wilmington Clarendon Masonboro Inlet Makatoka Winnab Tabor Mollie Freeland Exum Bolivian St.Phillip N Ettie Ash け Guide BRUNSWICK C Dothan Regan 34 Supply Suburb Iredell Shallotte Federal Pt. Southport TI New Inlet Calabashr Waccamaw Lockwood Folly Inlet Shallotte Inlet SMITHS Little R. Inlet Cape Fear FRYING PAN SHOALS L/A N NORTH CAROLINA 4 SCALE OF STATUTE MILES 40 0 5 10 30 20 50 60 SCALE OF KILOMETERS 90 100 30 40 50 60 70 80 10 20 0 A County Towns Railroads 79 ° 78° 77° from E Greenwich F D 76° G mountainous sections are valuable as grazing lands and well adapted to stock raising and dairy farming. The production and value of the leading agricultural crops in 1919 were as follows: corn, 55,100,000 bushels, valued at $101,- 935,000; oats, 3,767,000 bushels, valued at $3,993,000; wheat, 7,225,000 bushels, valued at $16,834,000; tobacco, 310,240,- 000 lbs., valued at $166,289,000; hay, 1,040,000 tons, valued at $25,168,000; peanuts, 4,756,000 bushels, valued at $11,605,000; cotton, 875,000 bales, valued at $154,000,000; potatoes, 4,930,000 bushels, valued at $8,036,000; sweet potatoes, 9,858,000 bushels, valued at $13,- 604,000. Manufactures. - The number of manufacturing establishments in the State in 1914 was 5,507; the average number of wage earners was 136,847; capital invested was $253,842,000; wages paid was $46,039,000; materials used valued at $169,942,000; and the value of products was $289,412,000. The chief manufactures included cotton goods, fertilizers, flour, furniture, leather, lumber, oil, and tobacco. Banking. On Oct. 31, 1919, there were reported 85 National banks in operation, having $9,906,000 in capital, $8,055,704 in outstanding circulation, and $7,115,810 in United States bonds. There were also 471 State banks, with 468,000 capital, $6,408,000 00 surplus, and $196,489,000 in resources. Education. Owing to various reasons educational conditions in the State are not good. There are about 780,000 children of school age, of whom about 525,- 000 are white and 254,000 colored. About 410,000 white children are enrolled in the schools and about 200,000 colored children. There are about 14,000 teachers, of whom about 10,000 are white. The total annual expenditures for school purposes is about $5,000,000. Among the colleges are the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Davidson College at Davidson, Trinity son, Trinity College at Durham, Biddle University at Charlotte, Shaw University and the State Agricultural and Mechanical College at Raleigh, and Wake Forest College at Wake Forest. The women's colleges include the Salem Female Academy at Salem, Claremont Female College at Hickory, the Baptist Female College at Raleigh, Greensboro Female College at Greensboro, Asheville College at Asheville, and Oxford College at Oxford. Churches. The strongest denominations in the State are the Regular Baptist, South; Regular Baptist, Colored; African Methodist; Methodist Episcopal, South; Presbyterian, South; Methodist Episcopal; Methodist Protestant; Christian; and Disciples of Christ. Transportation. - The total railway mileage in the State in 1917 was about 5,000. The roads having the largest mileage are the Southern Railway and the Atlantic Coast Line. Finances. The receipts for the biennial period ending Dec. 1, 1918, amounted to $12,665,351, and the disbursements to $11,850,430. There was a balance on hand of $1,039,543. The State has an outstanding debt of about $10,000,000, Charities and Corrections. - There are hospitals at Morgantown, Raleigh, and Goldsboro; a State prison at Raleigh; various schools for the blind and deaf and a home and industrial school for women. State Government. The governor is elected for a term of four years. Legislative sessions are held biennially and are limited in length to 60 days each. The Legislature has 50 members in the Senate and 120 in the House. There are 10 representatives in Congress. The State government in 1920 was Democratic. History. North Carolina was first partially colonized by a body of English under Raleigh in 1585, but no permanent settlement was made till 1663 when Charles II. made a grant of the territory to eight English gentlemen. In 1705 an internecine conflict took place among the colonists with reference to the claims of two rival governors. From 1711 to 1713 a war was waged with the Tuscaroras and other Indian tribes, who were ultimately reduced to subjection, the Tuscaroras going to New York and becoming one of the Six Nations. In 1769 the colony declared against the right of the home government to levy taxation. North Carolina united with the other colonies in the Declaration of Independence and made the first declaration at Charlotte, May 20, 1775. A partisan warfare next ensued between the patriots and the loyalists, which latter were in strong force throughout the State. On March 15, 1781, General Green, with a force of 4,500 men, was attacked at Guilford Court House by a body of British troops, 2,000 strong, commanded by Lord Cornwallis, but the British, though claiming victory, were put in such plight that the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown was a necessary sequence. The National Constitution was adopte adopted in 1789. The State joined the Southern Confederacy May 20, 1861, and furnished some of the very best troops in the Confederate army, having 125,000 in service and losing 40,000 by wounds and disease. The present constitution was amended in 1875, and again in August, 1900, when the suffrage was amended so that after Jan. 1, 1908, no one who came of age that year or afterward, who is unable to read and write, can vote. NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS, an institution maintained by the State of North Carolina at West Raleigh for the promotion of scientific agriculture and industrial education. The main courses are in chemistry, civil and electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. There is no arts and science course, the studies being all technical. The State maintains an agricultural experiment station at West Raleigh to cooperate with the college. Both the State and the United States appropriate money for the support of the institution. The grounds and buildings, including a large farm property, are valued at about $1,100,000, while the total enrolment in 1915 was 702.