The Meta-Encyclopedia

North Dakota

2 of the 7 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for North Dakota. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

a State in the North Central Division of the North American Union; bounded by Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Montana; admitted to the Union, Nov. 2, 1889; counties, 53; capital, Bismarck; area, 70,195 square miles; pop. (1890) 182,719; (1900) 319,- 146; (1910) 577,056; (1920) 646,872. Topography. The surface of the State is chiefly undulating prairie with occasional low hills. The great plateau of the Missouri extends across the State E. of the Missouri river, and the Turtle Mountains on the Canadian border contain the highest points in the State, Butte St. Paul, 2,500 feet, and Bear Butte, 2,400 feet. The principal rivers are the Missouri, navigable throughout the State, and formed by the affluents Yellowstone, Little Missouri, Heart and Cannon Ball; the Mouse entering North Dakota from Canada and returning after a long circuit; the James river, the longest unnavigable river in the world; the Cheyenne; and the Red River of the North, for forming the E. boundary. This river flows through a broad level plain, 50 to 60 miles wide and sufficiently elevated to be free from inundation, and containing some of the richest bottomland mould. The James river valley is one of the most noted artesian well districts in the world. There are numerous small lakes, but the only important one is Devil's Lake in the Turtle Mountains, an inland sea, with saline water and no visible outlet. Geology. The entire State has been inundated several times, the glacial drift being overlaid with lake mud. The entire Red river valley is the bed of an extensive lake, and railroad excavations have found lake shore lines, with sand and gravel beds. The W. portion of the State is underlaid with lignite, a brown coal, which burns readily and makes super superior gas. Natural gas has been found, and brick and potter's clay are widely distributed. The Turtle Mountain region contains valuable building stone, and the Red river valley salt, limestone, hydraulic cement, and iron. Soil and Agriculture. The soil, especially in the Red river district, is exceedingly fertile, the clay subsoil being nearly as fertile as the topsoil, and both free from stones. The principal forest trees are oak, birch, aspen, cottonwood, ash, willow, box-elder, plum, and bullcherry. The production and value of the leading crops in 1919 were as follows: corn, 16,764,000 bushels, valued at $23,470,- 000; oats, 38,400,000 bushels, valued at $25,728,000; barley, 14,950,000 bushels, valued at $16,146,000; wheat, 53,613,000 bushels, valued at $129,207,000; rye, 15,- 560,000 bushels, valued at $18,828,000; hay, 908,000 tons, valued at $12,803,000; potatoes, 5,607,000 bushels, valued at $9,072,000. Manufacturers. There were in 1914 609 manufacturing establishments in the State. The average number of wage earners was 3,275. The capital invested amounted to $14,213,000. Wages paid amounted to $2,416,000. The value of materials used was $14,482,000, and the value of products was $21,147,000. The principal articles of manufacture include flour and grist (70 mills), printing and publishing, masonry, saddlery and harness, packed meat, tobacco and cigars, railroad cars, carriages and wagons, millinery, clothing, dairy products, foundry and machine shop products, timber and lumber, furniture, fire brick, and hydraulic cement. Banking. On Oct. 31, 1919, there were reported 174 National banks in operation, having $6,515,000 in capital, $4,255,316 in outstanding circulation and $4,367,030 in United States bonds. There were also 706 State banks, with 104° A B 102° C D Assiniboine Virden Griswold Oak L D M N N Souris Mouse Wawansea Antler 05 10 20 30 40 60 Hartney 50 or SCALE OF KILOMETERS 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 South A NPelican L. o Pierson Souris North Antler Whitewater L. County Towns O Railroads Ninga Antler Deloraine Whitewater Carnduff 49 Boundary Cr. Skermo Ambrose Columbus Portal Paisleyo Cr. Sherwood Antler Patterson Noonan Fern Bachelor St.John lor St. John Crosby penter o Somber Landa Westhopeo Flaxton Dokken • Clinton Newport Souris Turtle Pleasant URKE B Haase Kelvin Bertha D A I Winifred Cordelia Mts. VI Barber D Rennie E Sergius Mou TURTLE MT Belbook IND. RES Bottineau McKinney Macroom Dunseith Bowbells Plumer Norma TERNEAU Gardena court Brenvili Newburg o Daneville T O Tarsus Alcide Laureat ☑ Monall Maxbasso Lordsburg ROLETTE Riviere N Glenn Tolley Vomemee Overly T Bank Wildrose Muddy Kenmare Thorne Mars Sams Russell Joslyn Rolette Sandy cGregor Kramer Grand Lansford Upham Willow City Garnes Fisher Mylo o Stordak Baden 2 Forfaro Pratto CoIsland WILLIAMS タ Denver Calmar Donnybrook Questad Deepriver. Oakland Barton Amy q Sorkness Ellefson enburn LE Grassiakeo Angie Marmon Polege Tioga Dead Bantry Sweden o Hills Wolford Saline Carpio ace Wayne Foxholm White Earth Markville م Cow Rugby O Ray Palermo ero Hurricane Fer Manitouo Ross Stanley Tagus DeeringM MCHENRY anbridge Wheelocko Cr. F Lynch L MONTRAIL Bethold Tasker Pleasant Knox Denbigh Towner Berwick Spring Brook Lonetree Burlington Granville. Riga loftlund Avoca Dymond Lake Willisto Traux مہ Nesson Grinnell Belden. Deslacs slac Minot Surrey Norwich Brazil 。 N Star U Palda Beyrout Fillmore Welby Trenton Baqual Hecker Banks Villard Walbur 48 590T BUFORD Charlson Chilcot Hesnault Greland Sawyer Velva Leland Linusvilleo Fishlake Tobacco Stroud Keene Caughey Buford Esmond Alberto Laza Shello OMILITARY Cr. Garden 0 Olive Timbe Girard Goodall Sanish Voltaire Prairie Jc. Hesper Done-Cartwright er Makoti U Van Berg Balfour Parshall Shell Mis Hook RESERVATION Alexander هد. Ryder Drake P souri Anamoose Hiddenwood Cut Nose Klara eatstone Perley Douglas Go Park Dogden Buttes - Cremerville Blue Mt. Mowrer Raub. Buttes Martin R ENZI Rosegleno FORT BERTHOLD Harvey Skogmo Lyers R Blackwater Garrisono Malcolm R Cheyenne INDIAN RES. Manfred Elbowoods M CoEmmet L Missouri River Wiprudd Lincoln E Little Fessenden FT.STEVEN Old Ft.Stevenson Darling Ft Expansion MUVEN Bertholdo 3 SHERIDAN WELLS KDeer Mts. Coah Coal Emrick Harbor Turtle reer McClusky Goodrich Bowde Denhoff Spring Manhaven Sta. Oakdale Hancock Underwood Heaton Defiance Kasmero Mercer Lake Halliday Krem Beicegel. Weller Turtle Oi Hurdsfield Chasley/ MERGER Quinion o Basto Trotters D U Deapolis Conkling N N Mikkelson Fairfield Stanton Fayette Hazen Washburn Stark GOLDEN Manning Rockspring Camels Hump Grhamo Phoenix Moyersville Wallace ی Hulto Hensler Nisbet Beaver Snow Broncho Knife Marshall River • Sere 70 Wilton Gaines/Aste Sanger Ukraina N Frettim Beach Butte • Wisner Hannover The Painted Slaughter Ong Saddle Butte OLIVER Matterhorn Nelson Woods Walden Medora Gordes a Baldwin Bohan Otter Creek Langedahl O Sentinel Butte Scoria o Yucca Butte Green Belfield Dickinson Taylor Richardton Hebron Chama Wogansport Cromwell Bluegrasso Rosebud. Harmon 。 VALLEY BURLEIGH Sather Naughton Sibleybutte KIDDER Youngtown Sweetbriar qandan Bismarck McKenzie Zenith OC River Sentinel Lehigh Gladstone Antelope M T Dawson Jappen Arnold Frances Sonth Buttes HeartS TARK Glen Ullin Big Muddy New Salem Cr Burkey 0 2 Apple Menoken S Judson Bullier pha Driscoll Steele Cr Sims Heart Hanley R Crystalsprings Missouri Sterling Antelope Gaylord Heart tutte Cr B Heart Heart Stewartsdale Williams ST Little Heart Long L. Amidon White BuThirty May Butte butte Shollsmade کره Big Strain Pursian Stuard Ranger Graberhirt Willa o Brittin North Badland Midway New England- Noel River Clark St. Anthony • Missouri Glencoe 4 Camel Armstrong Gwyther S L 0 P Butte کو Rainy ork Fork Parkin Mineral De Sarto Chanta Peta Livoni Braddock 0 Antelope m Berry Hume Regent Buttes HETTINGER Fallon 円 Odense N Mound Napoleon Leipzig 6 Carson Louise Hazelton Bessie Sprs.o Cannon Ball Je Flasher Pierce Gaytory Tell Marmarth Chenoweth Pine Tepee Hoosier R 0 Le Buttes Edton Wolf Cannon Cannon Ball Dog Touth Batte Mott σ Beaver Scoria Hills 6 Cr. Ball Fle Fleak Solen South Hampton Alden Dogtooth Cr. Fork o GR Twin Griffino Cedar EMMONS A N Stillwater Cann goo venson Winchester Buttes Three Buttes Bowman نہ Linton R non Wolf Buffaloo Omio Dakem Wishek OWMAN Whetstone Butte Porcupine Cr Janesburg Paoli Buffalo Sprs. Emmonsburg Shields Chandler Bentley Wade Chadwick Beaver Buttes Coffin Pretty Rocke DA MS Weight Ball Gascoyne o Butte Cannon Butte Strasburgo Little Wolf Bucyrus Re Winona man Cook Butte Hettinger R/Stowers Exeter 46 O Swastika 0 Ft. Yates Westfieldo Hull o Haley Selfridge S Haynes Dale Venturia Hague Howe Grand Glanayon Zeeland Ludlow River Pollock Greenway S U T H A A B 103 102 C 101° Longitude D West from 100 ° Greenwich Copyright. L. L. Poates Eng. Co., 1921 E F G 97° H • Aweme Lorette Soine Elm Creek River C D A A A Glenboro Carman Charitz Rat • Belmont Swan L. Morris A T B I O Red Pembina Manitou Rock L. R. Killarney Pilot Mound Rosenfeido Marden Roseau Strathburn Cartwright O Dominion City R. Pembina Elkwood O Emerson Boundary Antwerpe Woodbridge Hannalhaida Homen Walhalla Lero Pembыпи ne St. Vincent Numedahl Hansboro Ernesto Spel Bruce R. Keate Bat McArthur Ba Mt.Carmer Picton Armourdale Tyner Wales Stilwell Vang Leydeno L Ellsberry Saginaw Lansing Carlisle Cavalle Backoo Hamilton Daniels Dresden Mona Ellisalvin CAVALIER Concrete PEOM BINA Joliette o Olga Beaulieu Rocklake Brumbaugh crocus Calvin Gronna Pratt ford Two Akra Clyde Langdon Tongue Hallson Hensel Glasston Rivers Perth Trier Munich Blowesmont Mountain TOWNER O Easby Rosehill Os Mugfordo Bisbeed Olmstead Osnabrock Now esta St Thomas Pittsburg O Alsen Milton Lake Erelon Calio Nekoma Loma Considine Egeland Weaver Soper Union Garda Crystal] Crystal Drayton Cecil Zion Newville H Auburn Elora Banner Hoople Hampden Mel Fairdale Edinburg Nash Cashel Starkweather Dernick Adamse Park Oakod Evanston Cando Coolin Maza些。 anson Edmore Geoff Norton River Park Grafton Ad Acton LSH Kellogg • R Linstad W Garske Benzion nae Risek Veseler VOSS Degroato Webster awton Latona Praba ville Minto Warsaw York O Leeds Wiless Churchs RAMSE SEY o Pha come Conway Valsh ville Lambert ~ Ferry Penn Fox Lakeo • Fordville Ardo Bainsinade sackson Grand Harbor Brocke Polemine Forest River Lore Bellevilleor Big Warren Devils. Lake Inkster Johnstown, • Bart 2 ota Doyon. Mapes Minnewarkans Denils Keitho Crary Petersburg Orro Gilbyo Manver Viaga Pilot Honeyford tauqua Michigan Granams L れん University North S McCanna Mekinock Island 48 Turtle Maddocko Kellys Totion NELSONShawnee Armilla Emevado Grand Flora م Stump Larimore. Dissmore Genin Oberon N GRAND FORKS Forks, Harrisburg Kempton Merrifield Sheyenne Crosier McVille Eden o Sheyenne Fergus Twiste Divide o Northwood Thompson Bentru Bue Deehn Ottofy Aneta Lakewood Holmeso Morris Freeborno James E DOD Y Red Whynot Kiner Reynoldso Tiffany New Rockford Hatton Bellmont Jessie Sharono Mose Buxton Goose ayville Portland RALL McHenry Finley Barlow Cathay Cuming Larrabee Binford mert POSTER 3 Caledonia GRIGGS STEELE March ykeston Carrington Haven O Cooperstown Sherbrooke Hilsboro Blabon Bordulac Halstad Shepard Clifford Blanchard Melvilleo Pleasantview Helena Hope Z Galesburg Kelso Hague Newhome Hendrum Kensal Hammaford Colgate Corinne Walum o Weible Edmundso Wilma Algeo Grandin Huntero Gerber Esler Courtenay Page O Marstonmoor Pingree Ashtabula Dazey Wimbledon Erie Arthur Gardner Leal Pariso Balinett Fancher Roger Buchanan, Maple Minnielako Ayr Argusville o Spring Valley • Matteson Gray ley Deer Lake Prairie Absaraka Amenia Fried BARNES Harwood 47 Tower CA SS STUTSMAN Eckelson Sanborn Oriska City Agricultur Spiritwood Sanborn Buffalo Casselton College Windsor Medina Eldridge o Jamestown Valley City Lanona Wheatland Mapleton Cleveland Fargo O Everest Cuba Osgood Embden Dakota Ypsilantis Hastings Fingal Alice Chaffee Lynchburg Horace Wild Rice Montpelierb Addison Warren Daily Kathryn Lucca Streeter Woods Dave uport Hickson Sharlow Leonard Kundred Eastedge Nome Litchville Alfred Ione Adriano Mariono Enderlin Christin Barrie Sheldon Walcott 。 Griswold Plymouth. Anselm Floyd Sperr Power Gackle o Dickey Woodhull Fort Ransom Colfax Buttzville LOGAN LAMOURE Sandoun Sta. Lisbon Englevale RNSO Mor MoLeod P.O. Abercrombie King Grand Rapids Galchutto Elliott Ve erona Edgeleyo Berlin Homestead Farming Dwight Lon dmere Moon R Fredonia La Moure Kulm Milnor DeLamere Lehr Glover DeLamere Barney Wahpeton Crete Stirum Gwinner ARICHLAND Merricourt Monango Harlem Hellwig Great Clementy Hamples AR Fullerton ARGENT T Mantador Bende Oukes Nicholson Cogswell Forman Perry Ranson Agerwood Theedo MCINTOSH Wirch DICKEY Guelph Straubville Rutland Cayuga Geneseo Hankinson Fairmount Ashley Coldwater SilverleafLudden Brampton Blackmer • Lowell Forbes Ellendale Havana Elm Newark Winship Maple A T K Britton E 99° F 98° G 97° H $11,515,000 in capital, $3,824,000 surplus, and $143,664,000 in resources. Education. There was a school population in 1918 of 200,532. The enrolment in the public schools was 162,572, with an average daily attendance of 114,542. There were 7,712 teachers receiving an average monthly salary of $45.70. For higher education there were Northwestern Normal College at Grand Forks, Fargo College at Fargo, University of North Dakota at Grand Forks, and the Wesley College at Grand Forks. The schools had an endowment of land valued at about $50,000,000. Churches. The strongest denominations in the State are the Roman Catholic; Lutheran, Independent Synods; Methodist Episcopal; Pre ular Baptist; Congregational; and Lutheran, General Council . Presbyterian; Reg- Railroads. The total railway mileage of main track line in 1919 was 1,445. There were about 360 miles of secondary main line and about 3,400 of branch lines. The roads having the longest mileage are the Northern Pacific, the Great Northern , and the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie. Finances. The receipts for the year ending 1918 amounted to $7,571,519 and the disbursements to $7,688,133. There was a balance at the end of the year of $1,369,607. The State has a bonded indebtedness of $412,000. Charities and Corrections. The charitable and correctional institutions include a reform school at Mandan, a penitentiary at Bismarck, hospital for the insane at Jamestown, school for deaf at Devils Lake, institution for feebleminded at Grafton , school for the blind at Bath Gate, and tuberculosis institute at Dunseith. State Government. -The governor is elected for a term of two years and receives a salary of $5,000 per annum. Legislative sessions are held biennially and are limited in length to 60 days each. There are 49 Senators and 113 Representatives. There are 3 representatives in Congress. In 1920 the State government was Republican. History. The first permanent white settlement was made in 1780 by a party of French Canadians , near Pembina. Fur trading posts were established early in the 19th century and Lewis and Clark spent the winter of 1804-1805 in the present town of Mandan. In 1810 Lord Selkirk built a fort at Pembina, supposing it to be British soil. The region was first opened to settlement by a treaty with the Dakota Indians in 1851. In 1861 the Territory of Dakota was organized with Yankton as capital, and including Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. and South Dakota, and these admitted The territory was divided into North to the Union as States in 1889. In November of that year the State government was formed and the first legislature convened. NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL motion of scientific studies, especially COLLEGE , an institution for the proagriculture, founded in 1890 at Agricultural College, North Dakota. It is almost entirely supported by appropriations from the State. It has faculties inary medicine, pharmacy, and literature of home economics, engineering, veter- 1915 was 910. The endowment of the and science. The total enrolment in college consists of a land grant valued in 1919 at $3,500,000. The annual income approximately 30,000 volumes. is about $250,000. The library contains OF, a coeducational non-sectarian in- NORTH DAKOTA , UNIVERSITY stitution in Grand Forks, N. D., founded in 1883; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 89; students, endowment, $2,250,000; grounds and 1,088; volumes in the library, 64,500; buildings valued at $1,105,000; income, $500,000; number of graduates, 1,525; president, Thomas Franklin Kane, Ph.D., LL.D. for ships along the N. coasts of Eu- NORTHEAST PASSAGE, a passage rope and Asia to the Pacific Ocean. The first to make the complete voyage by this passage was the Swedish explorer Nordenskjöld. applied to members of the Baptist NORTHERN BAPTISTS, the name the Northern branch. From 1813 to Church who hold their membership in Baptist churches were carried on by "The 1845 the missionary activities of the General Convention of the Baptist Denomination in America ," but in the latter year differences arose between the Northern and Southern Baptists about slavery which resulted in a division of branches. The Southern churches formed the Baptist Church into the two the "Southern Baptist Convention" which has continued to be their Missionary Society, while the Northern Baptists organized the "American Baptist Missionary Union." In 1907 the Northern Baptists merged their Home and Foreign Missionary organization into the "Northern Baptist Convention." In 1914 the communicants of the Northern branch of the Baptist Church numbered 1,238,323, the number of churches, 9,570, and 8,275 ministers. See BAPTISTS.

Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)

in order of admission, the thirty-ninth state of the American Union. It lies on the Canadian border, between Minnesota and Montana, fairly midway between the two oceans. The state is rectangular in shape, save that the eastern border is formed by the Bois de Sioux and Red Rivers. Area, 70,795 square miles. Speaking in a general way, the surface is a vast level or rolling prairie. The Turtle Mountains on the Canadian border rise to a height of 2,500 feet. The southwest corner of the state contains a series of hills and scattered buttes, the Bad Lands . A region of clay and soft stone buttes lies near the western border. When a young man President Roosevelt tried his hand at ranching at Medora in this region. Topography. The Missouri enters the western border just above the mouth of the Yellowstone and flows southeastward through a broad valley bordered by high bluffs. It is a yellow flood with shifting sands, but is navigable for steamboats under skillful pilots. The Red River of the North , navigable for small boats, flows northward to Lake Winnipeg. It drains the former basin of a vast glacial inland sea known as Lake Agassiz . A loop of the Mouse River enters from Canada. Between the Red and the Missouri are the parallel valleys of the Sheyenne and the James. The former turns sharply eastward into the Red. The James continues southward for 600 miles to the Missouri. It is longer than the Elbe, the Rhone, or the Seine; but, except in time of flood or melting snow, it has the appearance of a prairie creek. It is said to be the longest non-navigable stream in the world. Its entire valley is a vast artesian basin. Flowing wells may be had anywhere. North of the headwaters of the Sheyenne lies Devil's Lake, the Minnewaukan of the Dakotas. It is a shallow, brackish body of water having no outlet. It is about twelve by fifty miles in extent. Agriculture. North Dakota is naturally an agricultural and stock-raising state. The Red River Valley is considered one of the most fertile wheat-growing sections of the world. The valleys of the Mouse, Sheyenne, and James bring the annual wheat crop up to 90,000,000 bushels. The leading grade, No. 1 Hard, is considered the best flour-producing wheat known. North Dakota leads the Union in the production of flax. Next to wheat and flax, in order of importance, come oats, barley, corn, and potatoes. A large amount of wild hay is baled and exported. The amount of rainfall decreases from east to west. The Red River Valley expects twenty inches a year; the western border, half that amount. The one hundredth meridian is theoretically the limit of successful field crops, but there are semi-arid sections east of that line, and there are excellent agricultural lands west of it, especially at the big bend of the Missouri. The western section is devoted largely to stock raising. Native grasses cured in the stalk afford the best of feed the year around. Dakota grass-fed cattle command the best of prices. The wool clip is rather above 3,000,000 pounds a year. Of late, creameries and cheese factories have sprung up in various parts of the state. MINERALS. In coal area North Dakota ranks fourth in the Union. Lignite coal appears to underlie the entire western section. Its manufacture by pressure into briquettes has begun. It is hoped that in this form, it may prove satisfactory for the use of locomotives. It is believed that the vast amount of cheap fuel at hand may be utilized to pump the waters of the Missouri into irrigating ditches and convert a large area, now sparsely covered with grasses, into farming lands of unsurpassed fertility. The natural richness is in the soil, waiting only for moisture. Aside from glacial boulders and sandstone in the west, the state is remarkably deficient in building stone. Brick clay is, however, abundant, and of excellent quality. Facing brick, firebrick, and tiling are already articles of export. A limestone suitable for Portland cement of high grade has been found in Cavalier County. This furnishes material for concrete work. TRADE AND COMMERCE. The state is crossed from east to west by the Northern Pacific and the Great Northern railroads. The Sault, the Milwaukee, and the Northwestern systems reach extensive sections. The larger towns are situated at the points where the railroads cross rivers. Fargo, at the Northern Pacific crossing of the Red River, is said to distribute more gang plows, seeders, drags, binders, and threshers than any other town in the world. Grand Forks, seventy miles farther north, at the Great Northern crossing, is also a distributing center of importance. Other Northern Pacific towns are Valley City, at the crossing of the Sheyenne, and Jamestown on the James; while Bismarck, the capital, and Mandan, an old Indian encampment, are on opposite sides of the Missouri. ANIMALS. North Dakota is the least forested state in the Union. About one per cent is covered with timber. Fringes of poplar, willow, cottonwood, and ash, plum, cherry, and birch, and occasional groves of oak and elm usually follow the streams and border the lakes. The characteristic animals of the prairie are ground squirrels, (incorrectly known as gophers), prairie chickens, jackrabbits, and coyotes. Deer are found in the Pembina region; grizzlies and brown bears in the southwest. Muskrats and minks, a few otters, and now and then coons, are taken by the trappers along the streams and around the lakes. Ducks and wildgeese glean the stubble fields in autumn. HISTORICAL. As early as 1810, Lord Selkirk, supposing himself in the territory of the Hudson Bay Company , founded a settlement, afterward abandoned, at Pembina on the Red River. Devil's Lake was visited by Fremont in 1839; Mandan, by George Catlin in 1841. North Dakota was originally a part of the Territory of Minnesota. In 1861 the Territory of Dakota was organized, including at first Montana and parts of Idaho and Wyoming. In 1868 the territory was cut down to Dakota proper, and in 1889 it was divided and admitted to the Union as North Dakota and South Dakota . The state constitution prohibits the liquor traffic. EDUCATION. From the first North Dakota has taken a progressive stand, especially in matters of education. The national grant of sections sixteen and thirty-six in each township for educational purposes has been wisely managed. By constitutional proviso none of this land may be sold for less than $10 per acre. The result is a large and increasing school fund, amounting in 1905 to $8,000,000. The income is used to support efficient common schools. An additional $3,000,000 has been set aside for the various institutions. The larger towns maintain efficient high schools. A vigorous state university with a school of mines is established at Grand Forks; an agricultural school at Fargo; normal schools at Valley City and Mayville; a school of forestry at Bottineau, and a scientific school at Wahpeton. The usual state charities are maintained on a liberal scale. POPULATION. In 1885 a heavy Scandinavian emigration, attracted by fertile lands to be had for the asking, set in. Numerically the Swedish and Norwegian Lutherans are by all odds the strongest religious element. Next in order are the Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Baptists, and Episcopalians. The population in 1900 was 319,146. These figures should be increased to 437,070 for 1905. About 6,000 Dakota Indians are protected from the white man as best may be on reservations. STATISTICS. The following statistics are the latest to be had from trustworthy sources: Land area, square miles 70,195 Population (1908) 510,000 Fargo (1906) 13,097 Grand Forks 11,500 Bismarck 5,500 Number counties 45 Salary of governor $3,000 U. S. representatives 2 Presidential electors 4 Bonded indebtedness $692,000 State revenue $3,259,000 Acres of improved land 9,644,000 Agricultural Products- Wheat, bushels 90,762,000 Corn, bushels 6,045,000 Oats, bushels 49,600,000 Barley, bushels 20,727,000 Rye, bushels 478,000 Flax, bushels 14,229,000 Potatoes, bushels 4,400,000 Hay, tons 266,000 Butter, pounds 10,000,000 Wool, pounds 1,995,000 Eggs, dozens 8,000,000 Manufacturing establishments 507 Capital invested (1905) $5,703,000 Operatives 1,755 Raw material $7,095,000 Output of manufactures $10,217,000 Output of flour and grist $6,463,000 Soft coal mined, tons 347,000 Clay products $287,000 Domestic Animals- Horses 616,000 Milk cows 224,000 Other cattle 642,000 Sheep 627,000 Swine 233,000 Fowls 1,500,000 Miles of railway 4,000 Teachers in public schools 6,109 Pupils enrolled 124,000 Percentage of male teachers 21.2 Average monthly salary of men teachers $52.00 Average monthly salary of women teachers $45.00 Average annual expenditure per pupil $40.28 See Wheat ; Lake Agassiz ; Bad Lands ; Missouri River ; Bison Landing on Missouri River. North Dakota scenes Wheat Elevators. North Dakota scenes 2026 Editor's Note: This page uses language about race that was commonplace when the book was published and is offensive by today's standards. The text has been left exactly as it was printed, rather than cut or softened, so that the historical record — including how ordinary such language once was — is preserved. (Ed: BR 2026-07-22)