Orange
Orange names 8 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 2 of them are described by more than one encyclopedia.
Orange or'enj, a shrub or small tree closely related to the lemon and citron
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
or'enj, a shrub or small tree closely related to the lemon and citron. The varieties under cultivation are from a common stock thought to be native to tropical Asia. California navel oranges are seedless and have a second series of cells, a sort of fruity, top-shaped core in the center of the tip. This orange originated at Riverside from trees obtained from Brazil through the agricultural department at Washington. Tangerines are a small orange from China. They have a reddish, baggy, easily removed rind and sweet pulp. Orange trees are said to attain an age of one hundred fifty years. Old trees yield more freely and produce fruit with a thicker rind and sweeter pulp than young trees. Orange wood is yellow, hard, and close grained, well adapted to fine carpentry and inlaid work. The leaves are oval and evergreen. The flowers are of a pure white and have a penetrating fragrance. In the countries of southern Europe orange blossoms have been used from time immemorial as bridal wreaths. Botanically, the fruit is a large berry, having eight or ten cells filled with a more or less acid, juicy pulp. The skin contains considerable citric oil. The orange region of Europe extends from Malta to the Azores, including Spain, Portugal, Italy, and southern France. Orange trees are obtained by planting seed and by grafting or budding the seedlings, as in the case of apple trees. There are three orange regions in the United States ,--Florida, the Delta of the Mississippi, and California, with hopes of Arizona and adjacent territory. Florida had almost driven foreign oranges out of our markets when the freeze of 1898 killed the plantations as far south as Tampa, entailing a loss of $100,000,000. The annual output grew from 600,000 boxes in 1885 to 6,000,000 the year of the freeze, but fell off at once to 100,000 boxes. California oranges are of excellent quality, and hold the western field well. Few European oranges leave the Atlantic coast. It is estimated that California has 95,000 acres in oranges. Shipments of citrus fruits, including oranges, lemons, and grape-fruit, reached 40,000 cars in 1909. Oranges are shipped to market in slat cases divided by a board into two compartments, each practically a cubic foot in shape and capacity. Each orange is cut from the tree with a knife or scissors. The oranges roll down a cloth-bottomed trough between brushes that clean and burnish them. They are run through a slatted trough to sift or sort them by sizes. Each orange is wrapped in tissue paper. They are packed with great regularity, just so many in a row, and an exact number of rows and layers according to the size of the orange. Each box is marked with the name of the grower or packer, and the size, that is to say, the number of oranges in the box. Sixty per cent of the citrus fruit of the state is marketed by the California Fruit Growers' Exchange, a cooperative association that has outlived several disasters and reorganizations. There are ninety-six local associations composed of local growers. Each has its packing house . These local associations are grouped in fourteen districts, representatives of which constitute the Exchange with headquarters at Los Angeles . The Exchange obtains a price of about $2.50 per box on an average, selling in distant markets. Freight and icing charges average ninety-five cents a box. Packing costs thirty cents a box. The cost of operating the exchange is six cents a box. Profits and losses are averaged. The net proceeds are distributed monthly among the growers. Ten acres is considered a standard orange orchard, enough for an individual grower. Such a grove represents an investments, we may say, of $15,000. A fair yield is four hundred boxes of oranges--a car--to the acre. The cost of growing, including cultivating, pruning, spraying, irrigating, water charges, and the cost of picking and hauling to the packing house, is not far from $75 an acre. Judging from the returns of the past ten years the yearly profit from an orange grove may be set down at from 4 to 15 per cent on the investment.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
properly Citrus aurantium, the sweet orange. The leaves are ovate, oblong, acute, sli slightly serrulated; petiole more or less winged; the pulp is sweet. It is a native of India, and by some botanists is believed to be only a variety of the citron (C. medica). It was intro- ORANGE duced into the S. of Europe about the 12th century, having been brought into Arabia about three centuries earlier. It lives about 600 years. Among the many varieties are the China orange, which is the common orange of the markets; the blood, or Malta orange; the St. Michael's orange; the noble, or mandarin orange; the navel, or seedless, etc. The orange contains malic acid; the rind is bitter and aromatic; the fruit itself is said to be disinfectant. Orange poultice has been recommended in India in skin diseases. There are various allied species, specially the bitter, or Seville orange, C. bigaradia, largely imported for the manufacture of candied orange peel, etc. It, too, has run into several varieties. In Florida and Southern California vast orange plantations are providing immense crops of many varieties of the orange. In 1918-1919 California shipped over 49,063 carloads of citrus fruits, worth more than $100,000,000.
Orange anciently Arausio
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
anciently Arausio, a city and commune of France, 18 miles N. of Avignon, on left bank of the Aigue, tributary of the Rhone. There are two great monuments of the Roman period, a triumphal arch (72 feet high), the finest in France, and the ruins of a theater, 340 feet long; the only modern building of interest is the cathedral. For five centuries (till 1531) Orange was an independent principality ruled by its own sovereigns, the estates and title passing to the Count of Nassau, and thus to William III., afterward King of Great Britain. In 1713 Orange was for certain equivalents conceded to France by the King of Prussia, though the title of prince has descended by the younger Nassau line to the kings and stadtholders of Holland. The district is very productive; manufactures silks, woolens, and fruits.
Orange or GARIEP, the largest river of South Africa
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
or GARIEP, the largest river of South Africa, rises in the Kathlamba Mountains, in the E. of Basutoland, and flows W., with an inclination to the N., to the Atlantic ocean. It describes numerous wide curves in its course of 1,000 miles, and separates Cape Colony, on the S., from the Orange Free State, Griqualand W West, Bechuanaland, and Great Namaqualand, on the N. Area of basin, 325,000 square miles. Its principal tributaries are the Caledon and the Vaal, both joining it from the right. Its volume varies greatly between the dry season, when it is not navigable, and the rainy season, when it overflows its banks in the upper part of its course. Its mouth is, moreover, obstructed by a bar.
Orange a city in Essex co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city in Essex co., N. J.; on the Lackawanna railroad; 4 miles N. W. of Newark. It is built on the lower slopes of the Watchung Mountain, and in its vicinity are Eagle Rock, 650 feet above tide-water, Hemlock Falls, a wild mountain attraction, and Llewellyn Park, which comprises 750 acres, and contains many costly residences. Here are the Orange Memorial Hospital, House of the Good Shepherd, a Masonic temple, Orphan Home, a public library, National banks, daily and weekly newspapers. It has extensive manufactories, and industries of importance. Pop. (1910) 29,630; (1920) 33,268.
Orange a city of Texas
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of Texas, the countyof Orange seat co. It is on the Sabine river, and on the Intercoastal canal, and on the Orange and Northwestern and the Texas and New Orleans railroads. It has important lumber interests. It is a shipping center for rice, cotton, and live stock. Its industries include the manufacture of lumber, paper, and oil. Pop. (1910) 5,527; (1920) 9,212.
Orange a town of Connecticut
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a town of Connecticut, in New Haven co. It is on the New York, New Haven, and Hartford railroad. It is chiefly a farming community, but its industries include the manufacture of automobiles, ribbons, and buckles. Pop., including West Haven 11,272; (1920) 16,614.
Orange FORT, an old fort built by the Dutch in 1623
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FORT, an old fort built by the Dutch in 1623, on the site of the present city of Albany, N. Y.
Orange PRINCE OF. See WIL- LIAM THE SILENT
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
PRINCE OF. See WIL- LIAM THE SILENT, PRINCE OF ORANGE: WILLIAM III., KING OF ENGLAND: MAURICE.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
Prince of. See William Iii
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Of the eight Oranges gathered here, two still dominate: the fruit and the Roman city of Arausio on the Rhone, whose triumphal arch and 340-foot theater Collier's admired in 1921 were together made a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1981, the theater now the home of the summer Choregies opera festival. The fruit's own story turned on the growers' organisations Aiton's described in 1910: the California Fruit Growers' Exchange, then marketing sixty per cent of the state's crop, renamed itself Sunkist Growers in 1952 and is still trading. Florida, which Aiton's said had almost driven foreign oranges from American markets before a freeze cost it $100,000,000, was devastated far more lastingly by the bacterial disease citrus greening, found in the state in 2005, and its crop has since fallen to a small fraction of its peak while Brazil supplies most of the world's orange juice. And Collier's guess that the sweet orange is only a variety of the citron has given way to DNA work showing it to be a hybrid of pomelo and mandarin, while the claim that a tree lives about 600 years is nearer Aiton's 150.
Written for this edition, 2026.