Palestine
Palestine names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Palestine a city of Texas
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of Texas, the county-seat of Anderson co. It is on the International and Great Northern railroad. It has an important trade in cotton, lumber, beef, iron, fruit, and vegetables. There are iron and salt mines in the vicinity. It has a public library, a county court house, and the general offices of the Great Northern railroad. Pop. (1910) 10,482; (1920) 11,039. PALESTRINA (the ancient Præneste), an Italian city, 22 miles E. by S. of Rome, on the slope of an offset of the 83° E 84° D C B A Detrolt And Arber Albion Chelsea Windsor Huron Jackson Wayne Ypsilanti Amberstburg Leamingtono Carleton o Jonesville 42 R. Dundee Hillsdale Raisin Monroe Raisin Pt. Adrian Roading Blisefield 2 Maumee Bay I.St.George West Toledo N. BASS 1. Lyons Metamora Berkey Sylvania Pioneer MIDDIE BASS I Fayette Richards S. BASS Nettlelake Toledo Alvordton BODO Aio Montpeller West Unity rat Put-in-Bay Tedrow Pert Clinton Catawba South Holland FULTON Curtice Edon Swanton wanton Maumee GEDORC Troin Island Lecust Waterville R. Perrysburg Walbridge WILLIAMS Archbold Wauseon Delta Whitehouse Oakharbor 4 Blakeslee Pulaska Gypsum Elmorevacarne o Dowling Bryan Stryker Ridgeville Cors. R A Evanspert Napoleon Grand Rapids Maиtec 9 Haskins Luckey Colton St Josephs Edgerton Liberty Cen. Lindsey Mau Tontogany tage Castalia Pemberville Farmer Ney Vickery Por DEFIANC EJewel McClure Bowling Green Portage Gibsonburg o Fremont Sandaillo *Mark Center Sherwood Rollersville Weston WOOD Malinta ERO SANDUSK Florida Rudolph • Bradner Burgoon O Clyde HENRY Hicksville ৯ Bellevue Monroeville k Defiance Holgate O 3 o Jerry Cy N Bettsville Plaza Greenspring Hamler Cecil • Cygnet Norwalk and Pleasant Bend North Fort Senecao Junction Deshler West Lodi Baltimore o o Bairdstown Fostoria 10 Antwerp OP Paulding North Creek SENECA Havana W. Leipsic Vanburen Arcadia PAULDING Continental Miller Ó Tiffin Republic MeComb R Leipsic Cy. Latty Oakwood Omar • Chicago Dupont R New Riegel Payne Findlay Ottawa Gilbea Haviland Huron Bloomville Attica Grover Hin Glanderfo Tipton o Beaton Ridge Berwick 이 Carrothers 11 PUTNAM HANCOCK anlue Plankton Lykens Seett Van Wert glin Cr Kalida Pandora Rawson Chatfield New Washington Carey Sycamore Convoy Ft.Jeznings Columbuso Mt. Blanchard Hoaglin Grove b Arlington Tiroo Middle Point Blufften Sulphur Sprs. WYANDOT Beaverdam Willianstown Gomer CRAWFORD Wharton Nevada VAN WERT o Delphos Bucyrus N.Robinson Cairo Forest Upper Sandusky Wren Dola Ohio City ALLEN 4 Dunkirk Crestline Willsbire Ada Winchester New Lima Galiong Harrod McGuffey Harpster Wyandot/ Spencerville Larys Mendon RockfordY8 Westminster Corsica HARDIN Hume Martel Morral Mercer o West Newton Meeker Cridersvilleo St.James Caledonia Waynesfield Buckland Kenton MERCER 0 Heptarn Larue Agosta Marion Climax Shauck Wapakoneta Uniopolis Roundhead Celina Gr. St. Marys Mt.Gilead Ridzeway C Mt. Victory او MARIONEdison AUGLAIZE New Hampshire Ru • Erastus New Knoxville Geyer Leuistown Res. o Bell Center o MORROW Cardington Owens Greencamp Coldwater Waldo Botkins Mentezuma New Bremen Rushsylvania Prospect Lakeview Fulton Kettlersville Jackson Cen. St Henry Chickasaw Minster Rieh wood • Harper Westfield Norton o LOGAN West Mansfield Ft Recevery o Anna Marengo Radnor Ashley Maria Stein Loramie Res. Maplewoodo Bellefontaine Fargo East Liberty Broadway Magnetic St rs. Burkettsville Ösgcod Loramies II ELB Yport Jefferson Leonardsburg UNION Yorkshire Wynant Sidney Degraff Zanesfield Ostrander Melaware Peoria Quincy Dawscn Lightsville Pemberton West Liberty Marysville New Dover Lewis Jea Rosewood 5 DELAWARE Houston Sunbury 9 Versailles Mingo NeLewisburg Dawn Lockington Ansonia Kirkwood Galera Kings Cr. Woodstocko Milford Cen. Powell Center Village DARKEPiqua Fletcher CHAMPAIGN Irwin Unionville Bradford to Dublin Fling Mt. Heron Westerville Covington St. Paris Urbana Plain City Gettysburg Westville MIAMI Amlin Worthington New Albany Greenville Mechanics-o 10 • Christiansburg burg Troy Hilliard FRANKLIN Casstown Dellsle Ludlow 40 N.Hampton Catawba Hellansburg Arcanum Tippecanoe COLUMBUS Blacklick • New Moorefield W.Milton City CLARK South New Madison Jefferson o Gordon Miami Vienna Georgesville New Carlisle Canal London Snyder Springfield New Paris Clayton Grove Cy. Winchester Baltimore Fairñeld Enon South Charleston MADISON Lewisburg Lockbourne Bigplain Brookville W. Alexandria Yellow Springs Orient Selma Derby Dayton Harshman 6 S.Solon Sedalia Cedarville Eaton Ashville MONTGOMERY Alpha Mt. Sterlingo Darbyville PREBLE Royalton GREENE R. Cooko West Carrollton Lancaster Jamestown Jeffersonville Gratis PICKAWAY Bellbrook Xenia Camden Gt. a Madison Mills Amanda Germantown Middletown Miami Springvalley Milledgeville Bloomingburg Circleville Miamisburg Morning Sun Stoutsville Bowersville o Carlisle FAYETTE Williamsport Franklin Somerville College Cor. Tarlton New Holland Port William Washington C.H. Seven Mile Waynesville Stringtown Oxford Clarksburg Good Hope o Excello Letaron Harveysburg Sabina Adelphi BUTLER Wilmington Kingston Frankfort WARREN Hamilton New Antiocho Mason South Bloomingville CLINTON Lit. Okeana West Chester ROSS • Morrisville Morrow Cuba Shandon Greenfield O Kings Mills Lyndon Chillicothe Glendale Blanchester New Vienna Harrison Midland Shaien- Bourneville Mt. Healthy Lynchburg 7 vil le Loveland Waller Rainsboro HAMILTON St MartinE Bainbridge Richmond Dile Miamiville Edenton Cleves College Hilm MHford O Russell Hillsboro 0 Ray Fayetteville HIGHLAND。 Norwood Buchanan Cincinnati Omega Owensville Carmel Coalton o Latham Taylorsville Newport Batavia Williamsburg Waverly Sinking Spring Covington PIKE Given Amelia Mt. Orab Mowrystown Paketon Beavero Cove 39 Bantam O Locust Grove o Sardinia Lindale Bethel Wakefield Scioto Steckdale BROWN Peebles Rarden New Richmond Lawshe Winchester Laurel Lucasville Feesburg Walton Russellville Cherry Fork Otway Licking Moscow Feljelty Henley Scicto South ADAMS Georgetown Chile Higgginsport Decatur SC10 T70 Lilly West Union Blue Creek 8 Ohio Bentonville Portsmouth Sciotoville Ripley Manchester Stout Williamstow Aberdeen Falmouth Buena River0 Vista Haver- Mayeville bill Vanceburg Sandy ESENTUCK Ashland Carter o Catlettsburg Cynthiana Flemingsburg Grayson Fork Hillsboro O Gecrgetown Carlisle 9 R Paris Morehead Webbville D West 83° from E 84° Longitude C B A H G 81° J F Rondeau Harbor Pte. aux Pins Conneaut North Madison Pte. Pelee Ashtabula Kingsville Say brook Madison Grand Jefferson Geneva Perry Pierpont PTE. PELEE I. Fairport Harbor L Painesville Richmond Cen. Thompson Collinwood1 Mentor Nottinghar Cleveland Breakman ASHTABULA Willoughby Rockoreek Montville Andover Rome Glenvilleo East Cleveland GEAUGA Windsor Pas8200 Chardon Wicklifte North Dover KELLEYS I. Lakewood Rocky Rivero E. Claridon Williamsfield Kelleys Island Euclid Orwell Simons Brooklyn Beach Park Marblehead Burton Middlefield Fairmount Taylor Gustavus Lorain Sandusky Avono R Mesopotamia Kinsman Chagrin Falls West Park State Soldiers Home South Parkman Farmington) CUYAHOGA Amberst Huron Newbury Mecca Vermilion Bedford Berea Cortland Independence Birmingham Elyria- Macedonia Hiram Avery o Johnsons TRUMBULL E LORAIN Strongsville Aurora Berlin Milan Fowler Garrettsville -Heights- Oberlin Hudson Leavitts Valley City Warren Grafton Windhamburg Peninsula Collins Wakeman Lagranga SUMMIT PORTAGE Niles Hubbard Mallet Creek Wellington Falls এ W.Clarksfield Litchfield Ravenna Medina Cuyahoga Falls HURON Mineral Ridge idge Rochester Ke ChathamO Palmyra Youngstown. North Fajrfield ikron Tallmadge Spencer Brimfield MEDINAG New Loudon N-Jackson Greenwich Struthers Deerfield Homerville Lodf Wadsworth Johnson Mogadore Randolph Canfield Lowellville f Nova Berlin Cen. Seville? Sullivan New Haven MAHONING Barberton Plymouth • Savannah Calla Petersburg Creston West Hartville Sebring Greenford Shiloh Doylestow Nankino Polk Salem Inland o Washingtonville Alliance Canal Fulton Columbiana Overton Salem Shelby Ashland Leetonia STARK Smithville Orrville ASHLAND Homeworth Pavonia East Palestine Louisville WAYNE Lawrence RICIILAND Jeromer lleo Rogers O Canton Wooster Dalton Lisbon Bayard Massillon Hayesville Minerva COLUMBIANA Apple Creek Navarre o Mansfield Lucas Mohican Shreve Fredericksburg Salineville East Kilbue d Waynesburg Malvern Justus Perryvill Lexington Liverpoo Mount Hope Newville Bolivar Hibbetts Mechanicstown Winesburg Nashville Wellsville Bellville Mineral CARROLL Loudonvi HOLMES Strasburg 1. Wattsville Irondale Butler City Carrollton Millersburg Canal Greer Dover New Philadelphia Glenmora Walnut Creek Bergholz Toronto Chesterville Fredericktown Sherodsville New Bedford Killbuck Brinkhaven JEFFERSON TUSCARAWAS Leesville Kilgore KNOX Spring Min.이 0 Bowerston Richmond Clark Baltic Stonecreek Dennison Howard Mt. Vernon Scio Shannon Chili Uhrichsville Steubeny ille Jewett Warsaw Bakersville Gnadenhuten Walhonding Gambier O HARRISON Dloomingdale Mingo COSHQCTON Mt.Liberty Bladersburg Port Cadiz Smithfield Washington Centerburg 10 Coshocton Tippecanoe New Brilliant Martinsburg W.Carlisle Isleta Short Creek Piney Fork Comerstown Plainfield Croton Homer Utica Freeport Cooperdale Dillonsvale Guernsey Athens Fallsburg Conesville Wills Londonderry o Flushing o Martins Johnstown St. Louisville Ferry LICKING Antrim o Frazeysburg Dresden Otsego St Clairsville Wheeling GUERNSEY Fairview Hanover Granville BELMONT Adamsville Nashport Σ Belmont Bridgepor Cambridge Pataskala Newark Bellaire Barnesville Zanesville Norwich New Concord Gratiot Quaker Cy. Kirkeville Jacobsburg Byesville Senecaville Kirkersville Somerton Rivers Linnville MUSKINGUM Pleasan Moundsville Millersport Batesvilla Powhatan Thornville City Mt. Ephraim Mt. Perry Fultonham Beallsville Philo I Cumberland- Somerset Kuhn Musking u m Clarington Summerfield, Roseville Pleasantville o Woodsfield Crooksville NOBLE W.Rushville Swazey Roundbottom PERRY FAIRFIELD Caldwell Staffordo MONROE Deavertown Reinersville S.Olive Antiocho Hannibal Dexter Cy. Bremen New Lexington New Martinsville Congo Malta McConnelsville 3 Sardi Sugar Shawnee G Jolly MORGAN Conirun Grove New Corning Gore Lower Salem Straitsville Carter Stockport Beverly New Matamorns Rockbridge Logan Glouster Watertown Lowell Whipple O Murray Ohio Buchtel Chesterhillo HOCKING WASHINGTON Jacksonville Laurelville Marietta Newport Union Furnace elsonville Millfield Reno IR Bartlett Ba Barlow Utley -New Plymouth ATHENS Cutler Huck Eagle Mills Sinithton ing Rockland Belpre Lubrig Pennsboro Creola o Athens Stewart Parkersburg VINTON Zaleski Allensville O Albany Shade Hockingport cArthur Kanawha Cairo Carpenter Flora -Hamden Reedsville Dyesville Wellston Lit MEIG Clarion Elizabeth JACKSON Pomeroy Minersville Racoon Cr Kanawha Syracuse Portland Middleport Jackson Jackson Alice Glenville R. Rygero Racine Caniba Ravenswood Vinton Cheshire Letart Rempel Bidwell Falls Oakhill Thurman Pt. Pleasant OHIO Gallipolis Webeter Gallia GALLIA Ripley Kanawha R Winficio ST Moody Campbell O Eureka SCALE OF STATUTE MILES Waterloo • Buffalo 17 Bladsn 30 50 40 20 6 0 Crown City 10 Culbertson Aid SCALE OF KILOMETERS LAWRENCE Ironton Athalia 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 20 0 Coalgrove Proctorville E Chesapeake Places of 100,000 and over Cleveland Guyandotte Guyandotte R Huntington 20,000 to 100,000 Youngstown " Kenova W Big Sandy R. 8,000 to 20,000 Portsmouth 66 66 Canals Railroads County Towns J H 81° G 82° F Greenwich . Apennines. It contains the chief castle of the Colonnas and the palace of the Barberini family, the owners after 1630. It is built almost entirely upon the gigantic substructions of the ancient Temple of Fortune, one of the greatest religious edifices in all Italy, celebrated not only for its splendor, but also for its oracle, which was consulted down to the time of Constantine. Its elevated and healthy situation, at no great distance from the capital, made it a favorite summer resort of the Romans. Augustus and Tiberius frequented it; Horace found it a pleasant retreat; Hadrian built there an extensive villa; and Antonius erected a palace. Numerous valuable works of art and other remains have been recovered, dating principally from the 8th, and from the 3d and 2d centuries B. C.
Palestine the land of the Israelites
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
the land of the Israelites. Known also as Canaan, the Holy Land , and, in part, as Judea. The name signifies the land of the Philistines. It lies in southern Syria, between the Mediterranean and the Arabian Desert. The mountains of Lebanon are considered the northern boundary. The southern boundary is somewhat indefinite, but may be regarded as an arc, the keystone of which supports the Dead Sea . Area, about 10,000 square miles, equal to New Hampshire . The physical features are readily understood. The Lebanons send two parallel spurs southward. A coastal plain lies along the west, bordering on the Mediterranean. The river Jordan, the Sea of Galilee, and the Dead Sea occupy a long, deeply sunken basin between the ranges. The ranges reach a general elevation of 4,000 feet. Mount Hermon, the highest peak, is over 9,000 feet high. Other mountains of note in the Scriptures are Carmel, Tabor, Gilboa, Gilead, Nebo, or Pisgah, Zion, Moriah, and Olives. Although decidedly rough the country is naturally fertile. The prevailing rock is limestone, the disintegration of which supplies soil needing only careful husbandry to produce bountiful crops. There are many caves in the ledges, as the Cave of Mach-pelah at Hebron, in which Abraham buried Sarah; the Cave of Adullam, to which David retired, capable of sheltering 400 men; and others, many of enormous extent. The honey bee hives in the crevices of the rocks. The promise to the Israelites was "a land of hills and valleys, a land flowing with milk and honey." The Mediterranean coast is well tilled. The interior plain of the Jordan is robbed of moisture by the inclosing mountains and is nearly rainless. It is a mere barren waste of sand. The mountains are full of fountains, the most noted, perhaps, being the well of Bethlehem. Each has its history. Here Hagar sat, here Israel surprised the host of the Philistines, here Abram watered his flocks, and here Joab's messenger overtook Abner. Even Jacob's well is still pointed out. The mountains are still sparsely covered with forests. The cedar, ash, oak, olive, palm, walnut, sycamore, and oleander are the chief trees. There are between 1,000 and 2,000 native plants. The wolf, jackal, hyena, wild boar, bear, coney, gazelle, wild goat, and hare still find shelter. The country is noted for birds of prey, as the buzzard, eagle, vulture, kite, and falcon. There are also birds of bright plumage, including the kingfisher, bee-bird, bulbul, etc. There are in all about 350 species of birds. The waters teem with fish. The leviathan of Scripture, the modern crocodile, still lingers in the Jordan. The population of the historic vales and mountain sides is now chiefly Arabic. There are also small colonies of Jews and Germans. Grain, olive oil, oranges, and wine are the chief exports. Jaffa, the leading seaport, is connected by rail with Jerusalem. In the time of David and Solomon Palestine was allotted to the various tribes of Israel. Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh resided on the east of the Jordan. Judah and Benjamin were located in the south. About 975 B. C. the kingdom of Israel was divided. The next event of importance was the captivity. The monarchs of Assyria carried the children of Israel away and replaced them by other people, Judah and Benjamin being the last to go, about 584. Palestine passed from the Assyrians to the Persians, then to the Macedonians. At the birth of Christ it was under Roman dominion. It then fell to the Eastern Empire and finally passed under Mohammedan control. With the exception of a short period during the Crusades, it has been under Moslem rule ever since. In 1516 it passed under the rule of the Turks, and Palestine is still a part of the Turkish Empire. See Abraham ; Jerusalem ; Mohamed; Jordan ; Galilee ; Lily ; Cedar ; Lebanon ; Tyre ; Temple ; Druses ; Dead Sea , etc.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
or HOLY LAND, a country of southwestern Asia, comprising the S. part of Syria, and forming before the World War the pashalics of Acre, Gaza, and the S. part of Damascus; having N. the pashalic of Tripoli, , and W. S. E. and S. the Arabian Desert the Mediterranean; leng ength, 193 miles; average breadth, 75 miles; area, 11,000 square miles. The surface is generally mountainous, interspersed from N. to S. by the mountain chain of Lebanon, Mount Hermon, the highest peak, attainof 10,000 feet. There are ing an elevation numerous other peaks famous in sacred history, viz.: Mount Carmel; Mount Tabor, the modern Jebel Toor; Gilead, and Nebo or Pisgah; and Zion, Moriah, of Olives, in or near and the Mount Jerusalem. Judæa proper, the ancient kingdom of Judah, comprises the territory extending from Lake Asphaltites to the sea, consists of hills and valleys of great and beauty and fertility. In proceeding E. to of the Dead Sea the scene bethe shores comes more decidedly barren. To the N. of ancient Judæa was Samaria, a mountainous district, but flourishing and well cultivated. To the N. of Samaria, but still communicating with Judæa by the banks of the Jordan, is Galilee, distinguished by its natural beauty and fertility. The plain of Esdraelon is one vast meadow, covered with the richest pasture. The Lake of Tiberias, or Gennesareth, is surrounded by lofty and picturesque hills. The regions beyond Jordan include many tracts once fertile and flourishing. Here are the Hauran and Dschaulan, a vast plain, not watered by any great river; yet the inhabitants contrive, by collect ing the torrents and rain water into ponds, to obtain a sufficient supply for agriculture; so that very extensive crops of grain are raised. The rivers are the , , and the Nahr, Jordan, Jarmuth Kishon Naman or Belus. The lakes Tiberias, Gennesareth, and the Dead Sea. The climate is very fine in the dry season. Products, wheat, barley, millet, tobacco, and fruits. Its most ancient name was Canaan, its inhabitants being descended from Canaan, the fourth son of Ham and grandson of Noah. Under the reigns of David and Solomon it became one of the most flourishing kingdoms of Asia. It was conquered, however, by the kings of Nineveh and Babylon, who carried captive first Israel and then Judah, into the E. provinces of their empire. After the conquest of Babylon by Cyrus, the Jews were allowed to return to their country. Palestine continued thus a province of Persia till after the conquest of Alexander. The Jews were again exposed to oppression from some of the Ptolemies, having attempted to enforce the who having adoption of the Grecian idolatry, were met with the most determined resistance by the Maccabees, and Judæa now became an independent country. It subsequently fell under the dominion of Rome, who established the Herods as tributary kings. The country remained in the power of the Romans till the conversion of the empire to Christianity. In the 6th century it fell under the sway of the Mohammedans, which gave occasion to the Crusades. Jerusalem was taken by the European forces, and was under Godfrey of Bouillon erected into a Latin kingdom, which endured for above 80 years, during which the Holy Land streamed with Christian and Saracen blood. In 1187 Judæa was conquered by Saladin, on the decline of whose kingdom it passed passed through various hands, till, in 1517, it was finally added to the Turkish empire. As Trail railroad connecting Jaffa with Jerusalem has been constructed, and a harbor made at Jaffa. In the World War (1914-1918) the Anglo-Indian army captured Jerusalem (pop. 85,000) on March 11, 1917, and the whole of Palestine was occupied in the following year. The British constituted it a Jewish state after the war, with General Allenby High Commissioner (also of Egypt). The Rt. Honorable Herbert Samuel was appointed High Commissioner in 1920.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's in 1921 described Palestine, Texas as a railroad town of 11,039 people holding "the general offices of the Great Northern railroad." The International & Great Northern was absorbed into the Missouri Pacific in the 1950s and eventually into Union Pacific, and the corporate offices went with it; the town's best-known train today is the tourist-hauling Texas State Railroad, which runs excursions from Palestine to Rusk. The city is still the seat of Anderson County, but it has grown only slowly, to roughly 18,000 residents. The other Palestine on this page has changed beyond recognition: the territory administered under a British mandate from 1920 became the State of Israel in 1948, and the borders, name and government the older accounts describe no longer exist.
Written for this edition, 2026.