Pankhurst
Pankhurst names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Pankhurst EMMELINE (née GOULDEN)
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
EMMELINE (née GOULDEN), English suffrage leader. She was born in 1858 at Manchester, England, and in 1879 married Dr. Richard M. Pankhurst, who died in 1898. She had always worked for woman's suffrage, but first came into prominence at the elections of 1906, when she and other women endeavored to break up public meetings and to fire public buildings. As a result of these activities she and other suffragettes were sent to jail, but they resorted to the hunger strike and had to be released. In 1913 she escaped to lecture in the United States, and when the war broke out ended militant tactics and aided the government. The result was the admission of women to the vote at the close of the war, a measure for which Mrs. Pankhurst received the chief credit. In 1919-1920 she again visited the United States.
Pankhurst CHRISTABEL, daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CHRISTABEL, daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst; born in 1882, at Manchester, where she graduated in 1906 from Victoria University as LL. B. She seconded her mother's militant tactics in the work for women's suffrage in Great Britain, and from 1905 onward addressed public meetings, and heckled cabinet ministers with the result that she was frequently imprisoned. In 1912 she fled to Paris, and from there edited the "Suffragette." She lectured in the United States in 1914-1915, and wrote a book, "The Great Scourge and How to End It." In 1919 she made an unsuccessful attempt to get in Parliament. In 1920 she visited Russia, and spoke in sympathy for the Bolshevist Government.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's, writing in 1921, credited Emmeline with winning "the admission of women to the vote at the close of the war" — but the 1918 Act enfranchised only women over 30 who met a property qualification. Equal voting rights at 21 came with the Act of July 1928, a few weeks after Emmeline died on 14 June 1928; she is now commemorated by a 1930 statue beside Parliament and a second unveiled in Manchester in 2018. The 1921 note that Christabel "visited Russia" in 1920 and spoke in sympathy with the Bolsheviks confuses her with her sister Sylvia, the Communist who met Lenin in Moscow that year; Christabel was firmly anti-Bolshevik, and went on to preach Second Adventism, was made a Dame in 1936, and died in California in 1958. Sylvia, unmentioned here, ended her life in Ethiopia and was given a state funeral in Addis Ababa in 1960.
Written for this edition, 2026.