Parnell
Parnell names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Parnell THOMAS, an Irish poet
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
THOMAS, an Irish poet; born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1679; was educated at Trinity College, and taking orders in 1705 was presented to the archdeaconry of Clogher, but resided chiefly in London. He was at first associated with Addison, Congreve, Steele, and other Whigs; but later joined the Tory wits, Swift, Pope, Gay, and Arbuthnot. He assisted Pope in his translation of Homer, and wrote the Life prefixed to it. By Swift's recommendation he obtained a prebend in the Dublin Cathedral and the valuable living of Finglass. After his death a collection of his poems was published by Pope in 1721. He died in 1717. schools, SCHOOLS, PAROCHIAL mostly elementary, maintained by religious denominations to provide instruction in matters of religious faith as well as in secular studies. Two denominations only have provided a sufficient number of parochial schools for any considerable number of their children: the Roman Catholic and the Lutheran. Of these two denominations the former has much the larger system, and because of its extent Catholic authorities have claimed exemption from school taxes for their people, asserting that by supporting parochial schools their parishioners have more than met their share of the general educational expense. It has been estimated that it would cost the nation one hundred million dollars to accommodate the children now in the Catholic parochial schools. Roman Catholics have always asserted that religious instruction should be inseparable from education in secular matters, so as to secure the proper type of Christian citizenship. Consequently, at plenary and provincial councils Catholics Vol. VII-Cyc have been exhorted and commanded to send their children to the parochial schools. A system of supervision of teachers in the schools was started in 1884, and since that date the number of children in Catholic schools has steadily increased. In 1900 there were 3,812 schools, in 1910, 4,972 and according to latest available figures there were 5,286 schools with 1,360,761 pupils. These schools are under the general charge of the bishop of the diocese who appoints school boards for the parishes and general superintendents to supervise school activities. The parish priest is also a controlling influence in each local school. The subjects studied are similar to those of the public schools with the addition, however, of considerable instruction in the Catholic faith. The teachers are usually members of some of the religious orders in the church or are in training for such membership. In 1911 a teachers' college was established for the training of teachers in the Catholic schools. For the most part these schools have confined themselves to elementary work, but after 1905 a number of Catholic High Schools have been established under the direct control of the bishop of the diocese. There is also established at present a course of instruction starting in the elementary schools continuing in the high schools, and closing with a degree from the Catholic Universities in America. The other denomination supporting parochial schools is the Lutheran. Here the schools are under the charge of the separate congregations and no attempt is made to coerce the parents to send their children to Lutheran schools. They have been patronized for the most part by Germans and Norwegians who desire their children to retain some of the traditions of their homeland. The progress of the schools has been slow, in 1913 less than one-fourth of the children of Lutheran parents attended these parochial schools. Like all else that savored of Teutonic culture these schools were severely criticized during the years 1914-1920 and the result has been a decline in the number of children attending.
Parnell CHARLES STEWART, an Irish statesman
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CHARLES STEWART, an Irish statesman; born at his father's Statesman, estate of Avondale, Wicklow co., Ireland, in 1846, connected on his father's side with a family that originally belonged to Congleton, Cheshire, and whose members included Parnell the Poet, and Sir John Parnell, chancellor of the exchequer in Grattan's Parliament; while his mother was the daughter of Admiral Stewart of the United States navy. He was educated at Magdalen College, Cambridge; became member of Parliament for Meath in 1875; organized the "active" Home Rule Party, and developed its obstruction tactics; and in 1879 formally adopted the policy of the newly formed Land League, and was chosen president of the organization. In 1880 he was returned for the the city of Cork, and was chosen as leader of the Irish party. In the session of 1881 he opposed the Crimes Act and the Land Act; was arrested, along with other members of his party; and and not was lodged in Kilmainham jail, jail, released till the following May. In 1883 he was the recipient of a large money testimonial (chiefly collected in America), and was active in organizing the newly formed National League. At the general election of 1885 he was re-elected for Cork, and next year he and his followers supported the Home Rule proposals introduced by Mr. Gladstone. In 1887 he and other members of his party were accused by the "Times" of complicity with the crimes and outrages committed by the extreme section of the Irish Nationalist party. A commission of three judges was appointed by the government in 1888, with the result that, in February, 1890, Mr. Parnell was acquitted of all the graver charges. He died in Brighton, England, Oct. 6, 1891.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's ends its 1921 sketch of Charles Stewart Parnell with his acquittal by the special commission in February 1890 — the Times letters having rested on forgeries by Richard Pigott — and then simply notes his death at Brighton in October 1891. It passes over in silence what came between: Captain W. H. O'Shea's divorce suit, the decree of November 1890 naming Parnell, the splitting of the Irish Parliamentary Party in Committee Room 15 that December, his marriage to Katharine O'Shea in June 1891, and the punishing by-election campaigns that preceded his death at forty-five. Modern accounts treat that scandal and the party split as the central fact of his career, and the Home Rule cause he led was settled not by a Westminster bill but by the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 and the partition of Ireland. The account of Thomas Parnell the poet (1679–1717) still stands as written, though he is now read, if at all, for "A Night-Piece on Death" rather than as a member of the Scriblerus circle.
Written for this edition, 2026.