Penn

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

2026 Editor's Note: This page uses language about race that was commonplace when the book was published and is offensive by today's standards. The text has been left exactly as it was printed, rather than cut or softened, so that the historical record — including how ordinary such language once was — is preserved. (Ed: ET 2026-07-22) WILLIAM, founder of the State of Pennsylvania; son of Sir William Penn; born in London, Oct. 13, 1644. He received a good education, completing it at Christ Church, Oxford, but disappointed his father's expectations by turning Quaker, and was discarded by him. Sir William afterward relented, and sent his son abroad. Young Penn visited France and Italy, and returned to his native country in 1664. He spent two years in the study of law at Lincoln's Inn, and was then sent to Ireland to manage his father's estates; but, happening to hear a discourse at Cork, by Thomas Loe, a leading Quaker, he reverted to his former opinions, and traveled to propagate this new faith. He was taken up for preaching, and sent to prison; but was released through the interest of his father. After return to England, he was sent to the Tower, on account of a book which he had written WILLIAM PENN and, while there, he composed his princí pal work, entitled "No Cross, no Crown," intended to show the benefit of suffering. On his release, he resumed his former labors, and was apprehended, with some others, and tried for preaching at a conventicle in Gracechurch Street. The jury persisted in finding them not guilty, and were fined for acting contrary to the dictates of the judge. Admiral Penn was reconciled to his son before his death, and left him all his property. He continued firm in his attachment to the Society of Friends. In 1681 he obtained from the crown, in lieu of the arrears due his father, the grant of the province in North America, and it was Charles II. who, in honor of Penn, proposed the name Pennsylvania. The code of laws which Penn prepared for the province was exalted in aim, comprehensive in scope; yet, with slight exceptions, its details were marvelously practical. Accompanied by emigrants, Penn sailed from Deal Sept. 5, 1682, for America, and landed at New Castle, Del., Oct. 24, and at Upland, Pa., (now Chester), Oct. 29, 1682. The work of organization was rapid. A few 78° F E 9 D C 80° B A Genesee N E Little Valley W Mayville Moorhead the East Belmont Chautauqua Harbour Creek PRESQUE ISLE Salamanca Wesley ville Lake Erie Wellsviile R o. Hammett newango Allegheny Olean Jamestown Swanville R. Avonias Godard Fairview Low ville o Con N.Springfidido Girard R Middleborol Wattsburg E oSugar Grove Derrick Cy. 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Goldsboro Jenkintown Bristol Dickinson Boreche Mt.Holly Huntsdale Spre Dillsburg Elizabethtown Litita Falmouth Oakvilievow York Have it.Joy Landigville Bridgeport Chester Sprs. Eddington Wincotes Cr. Devault o Conshohouken Chelte Cheltenhau Honey Brook igville Tarietta Mand Holmesburg AN Lyndell Exton Malverno Bryn Mawr Berwyn Emigsville Wrightsvin Columbia Ronks Pequead Germantown 40 Wellsvill. Mount Lancaster Paradise Wagontown Downington Frazer Frankford অ Pinegrove Philadelphia CHESTER Ardmore Coatesville o Dover Hellam Village Furnace Idaville Washington Bore ville fillersville Strasburg Davidsburg Washington Quarryville AtgleParkersburg West Chester Me Christiana York Sprs le Aspersork DELAWARE Scotland Bendersville Y ts Camden K W. Willowo érnsey W. York York Yorka Biglerville Guernse E. 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Co., 1921 Swedes and Dutch had previously settled in Pennsylvania, but colonists from various regions of the Old World now poured vessels of war. in. Universal toleration was proclaimed, a charter of liberties was solemnly consecrated, and a democratic government was established. In his dealings with ( ROBINS Joseph For many years she resided in . Penn mani- Joseph. . the Indians and their chiefs, efs fested his accustomed magnanimity and London, Europe. justice. The capital city, Philadelphia, " Atlantic scale commensurate with Pennsylvania's expected greatness. magazines Penn's family was in England. Hearing books, that his wife was ill and that his friend Algernon Sidney had perished on the him, the scaffold, he sailed for England. During bury Pilgrimage" the reign of James II. Penn was contin- grims' Progress" ually at court. James had been his to the father's friend, and he had always been ence " ( glad and prompt to help Penn himself. The overthrow of James was in more than one respect a misfortune for Penn. (1917). In the spring of 1690 he was arrested on the charge of holding treasonable correspondence with the dethroned monarch. The absurdity of the charge being swiftly and glaringly evident Penn was set at liberty. Yet, though his conduct con- Draugh tinued to be blameless, he was, by an order in council, stripped, March 14, 1692, of his title to the Pennsylvanian govern- "Lithography ment-a tyrannical act involving his ut- (1900); ter ruin; for, besides that he had risked his whole substance in the Pennsylvania experiment, his estates, both in England and in Ireland, had been grievously mismanaged by incompetent or dishonest overseers. An order in council capriciously restored to Penn, in 1694, the Pennsylvania government. But the ownership of territories so extensive was almost barren to him. His agents were faithless, and the colonists, though profuse in expressions of of regard, were in reality ungrateful and grasping. A visit to his Irish estates preluded Penn's (1890) 5,2 second expedition to the New World. His family went with him to America, though rather from necessity than choice. Penn's residence in the colony was more beneficial to the colonists than to himself. He branded as iniquitous negro slavery, and to the aged, the sick, and the destitute he was a bountiful almoner. In 1701 he returned to England, and endeavored to negotiate the sale of Pennsylvania to the crown for $60,000. This negotiation was interrupted in 1712, through his being attacked by an apoplectic fit, which, happening twice afterward, greatly impaired his mental faculties. He survived for six years longer, quite unfitted for any serious employment. Penn died July 29, 1718; and was buried at the village of Jordan, Buckinghamshire.