Rapp
Rapp names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Rapp JEAN, COUNT
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
JEAN, COUNT, a French military officer; born in Colmar, Haut-Rhin, France, April 27, 1772. He was intended for the Church, but his taste for a military life led him to enroll himself (1788) in the mounted "chasseurs" of the French army. Rapp distinguished himself by dashing gallantry in in Germany and Egypt, and on the death of Desaix at Marengo he became aide-decamp to Napoleon. His brilliant charge at Austerlitz on the Russian Imperial Guard was rewarded with the grade of general of divison (1805). For his services at Lobau he was named a count of the empire (1809). He opposed the Russian expedition, but accompanied the emperor throughout the whole of it. His obstinate defense of Danzig for nearly a year against a powerful Russian army gained for him greater renown, and his chivalrous and considerate treatment of the unfortunate inhabitants during the siege was warmly appreciated by them. The Russians, contrary to the articles of capitulation, tulation, sent sent Rapp Rapp and his garrison did not reprisoners to Russia, and he turn to France till July, 1814. On reaching Paris he was well received by Louis XVIII.; but in 1815 he went over to his old master, and was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the Rhine, and peer of France. After Waterloo Rapp again submitted to Louis. Re-created a peer of France (1819), he held various offices about the court, and died in Baden, Nov. 18, 1821.
Rapp GEORGE, a German-American socialist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
GEORGE, a German-American socialist, founder of the sect of Harmonists; born in Württemberg, in 1770. After an attempt to restore the Church of New Testament days in Germany, he emigrated with his followers to western Pennsylvania in 1803. There he established a settlement which he named Harmony (whence the early title of the sect, Harmonists or Harmonites). In 1815 the community removed to removed to Indiana, and founded New Harmony; but this was sold in 1824 to Robert Owen, and Rapp and his followers returned to Pennsylvania, where they built Economy, a village on the right bank of the Ohio, 15 miles N. W. of Pittsburgh, and engaged in farming. Impressed with the certainty of the speedy second coming of Christ absorbing aim was to amass wealth, to be placed then at the Lord's disposal. To this end he and his followers practiced a rigid economy, and lived a life of toil and self-denial, in which celibacy formed a part; and with the same object all things were held in common. As the years passed the com- . Its numbers, nunity became wealthy however, have not increased, and in 1890 Economy, did not exceed 70. He died in Pa., Aug. 7, 1847.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's, writing in 1921, described the Harmonists as still in being, noting only that Economy's numbers "did not exceed 70" in 1890. In fact George Rapp's celibate community had already died out: the Harmony Society was legally dissolved in 1905, its assets liquidated, and the last members scattered. The village of Economy survives as Old Economy Village, a state-run historic site north-west of Pittsburgh, while New Harmony, Indiana — sold to Robert Owen in 1824, as the article says — is a National Historic Landmark visited for both its Rappite and Owenite past. The account of Jean Rapp, the Napoleonic general, stands as written; his name is among those carved on the Arc de Triomphe.
Written for this edition, 2026.