Reyes
Reyes names 2 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Reyes BERNARDO, a Mexican soldier
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
BERNARDO, a Mexican soldier, born in the Province of Nuevo León. He studied in France. Returning to Mexico, he joined the army, where he rapidly rose in rank, became one of the principal generals in the later Díaz régime, ne, was appointed Governor of the State of Nuevo León, and served also as Minister of War and Marine. He incurred the suspicion of Díaz and in 1909, after having headed a revolt, he was banished. He joined the Madero movement in 1911 and was a candidate for the presidency, but withdrew before the election. He was arrested in San Antonio, Tex., for violation of the neutrality laws, but was released. When he returned to Mexico, he endeavored to start a revolt, but failed and surrendered himself to Madero in December, 1911. He was kept in prison for two years and was released during the uprising against Madero in 1913. In the fighting which followed this, he was killed.
Reyes RAFAEL, a Colombian soland politician
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
RAFAEL, a Colombian soland politician, born at dier Santa Rose de Viterbo, in 1852. During his earlier life he conducted important explorations in South America. Becoming engaged in politics, he took a large part in the internal struggles of Colombia. He commanded the government forces during the uprising of 1885, was Minister of the Interior under President Nuñez, and served also as Minister to France and Switzerland. He represented Colombia in several foreign negotiations, including those for the Panama Canal. In 1904 he was elected President of Colombia. His administration was on the whole excellent, but objection was made to his imperious policies, and he resigned in 1910. He wrote several books, including "The Two Americas" (1914).
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Both sketches still stand as biography; what has moved is the framing. Collier's, writing in 1921, says only that Bernardo Reyes was "killed in the fighting" of 1913 — historians now place his death precisely, shot down on 9 February 1913 as he led a mounted charge on the National Palace in Mexico City, the opening act of the Decena Trágica that ended in Madero's murder and Victoriano Huerta's coup. Reyes is also now remembered partly through his son Alfonso Reyes (1889–1959), one of the leading Mexican essayists of the twentieth century, whose writing turns repeatedly on his father's death. Rafael Reyes of Colombia, described here in the present tense as an author, died in 1921, the same year the entry appeared; his reputation has recovered somewhat as a modernizer, though his 1909 treaties accepting the loss of Panama remain the reason he had to leave office.
Written for this edition, 2026.