Richmond
Richmond names 7 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Richmond a city, port of entry
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city, port of entry, capital of the State of Virginia, and county-seat of Henrico co.; on the James river, and on the Southern, the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac, the Atlantic Coast Line, and the Chesapeake and Ohio and Seaboard Air Line, and other railroads; 116 miles S. W. of Washington, D. C. The city is about 127 miles from the ocean. The James river is navigable for large vessels and there is steamboat communication with Philadelphia, New York, Portsmouth, Norfolk and other Atlantic ports. The city is built on seven hills, and is surrounded by beautiful scenery. Business Interests. There are over 600 manufacturing establishments. In 1919 over $93,000,000 was invested in manufacturing establishments, which yielded sales of over $155,000,000. The chief industries are tobacco, iron, paper manufacturing, printing and publishing, and flour. The leading commercial institutions are the Chamber of Commerce, Corn and Flour Exchange, the Tobacco Exchange, and the Stock Exchange. It is the seat of a Federal Reserve Bank and other National banks. The total banking resources in 1919 were nearly $185,000,- 000. There are many daily, weekly, monthly, and other periodicals. The assessed property valuation exceeds $230,- 000,000, and the total bonded debt is about $14,250,000. Public Interests. The city covers an area of 26 square miles. The streets are lighted by gas and electricity. There is a public school enrollment of over 35,000. There are 42 public schools, and many private and parochial schools. In the city are a medical college, a theological seminary, a municipal mechanical training school, a women's college, Richmond College, and two colleges for colored students. The capitol, which stands on Shockoe Hill, and is surrounded by most of the other public buildings, is an imposing structure, dating from 1785. In the Central Hall, surmounted by a dome, are a statue of Washington and bust of Lafayette, Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, and others. The Senate Chamber, to the right, was used as the Confederate House of Representatives during the Civil War. The House of Delegates, to the left, contains portraits of Chatham and Jefferson, and was the scene of Aaron Burr's trial for high treason in 1807 and of the State Secession Convention in 1861. The executive mansion of the Confederate States, formerly the residence of Jefferson Davis, has been converted into a museum which contains many relics of the Civil War. The other notable public buildings include the City Hall, State Library, State Penitentiary, almshouse, custom house, etc. The prominent educational institutions are Richmond College (Bapt.), St. Joseph Female Academy (R. C.), the Medical College of Virginia, University College of Medicine, Women's College, and Mechanic's Institute. History. Richmond is said to have first been settled in 1609. Fort Charles was built as a defense against the Indians in 1644-1645. The city was incorporated in 1742, and became the capital of the State in 1779. In 1811 the burning of a theater destroyed the lives of 70 persons, including the governor of the State. In June, 1861, it was selected as the Confederate capital, and from that period was the objective point of a series of formidable military expeditions for its capture, under Generals McDowell, Mc- Clellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade, and Grant, and defended by Gen. Robert E. Lee, with a large army and formidable lines of fortifications. Pop. (1910) 127,628; (1920) 171,667. Battles around Richmond. - During the last three years of the Civil War (1862- 1865) battles raged all round Richmond, and remains of the fortified lines constructed to protect the city are visible in various parts of the environs. Both the inner and outer fortifications may be seen from the Brook Road, which leads to the Lakeside Club House, with its golf links, bowling alleys and boating lake. The chief direct attack on Richmond was made on May 15, 1862, when the Union fleet attempted, without success, to force its way past the batteries at Drewry Bluff, on the James river, 7 miles below the city. Simultaneously General McClellan advanced with the land forces up the peninsula between the York and James rivers and invested Richmond on the E. and N. This led to the hardly contested but indecisive battle of Seven Pines or Fair Oaks (May 31, 1862), in which the Confederates under Gen. Joseph E. Johnson attacked McClellan's left wing, to the S. of the Chickahominy. Large cemeteries and a park now mark the spot, 7 miles to the E., reached by the West Point railroad. The district is swampy, and McClellan lost more men by pestilence than in fighting. Gen. Robert E. Lee now assumed command of the Confederate forces and made an attempt, in combination with Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson, to overwhelm McClellan's right wing, which was posted at Mechanicsville, on the Chickahominy, 5½ miles to the N. of Richmond, and thus began the famous Seven Days' Battle (June 28- July 2, 1862). Mechanicsville was followed by the battles of Gaines's Mill, Cold Harbor, Savage's Station, Frazier's Farm, and Malvern Hill. The upshot of this series of contests, in which 40,000 men fell, was the relief of Richmond, as the Union troops were compelled to retreat to Malvern Hill, 15 miles to the S. E., where they repelled the Confederates in their last attack but soon after withdrew to Harrison's Landing, on the James River. During 1863 there were no direct attacks on Richmond. In May, 1864, General Grant marched down through the "Wilderness" and attacked Lee in his entrenched position at Cold Harbor (June 3, 1864), and lost 15,000 men without making much impression on the enemy. He then transferred his army to the S. side of the James; and the later stages of the war were rather a siege of PETERS- BURG (q. v.) than of Richmond.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
the capital of Virginia. It is situated at the head of navigation on the James river, about ninety miles from the Chesapeake. In his American Notes Dickens speaks of Richmond as "delightfully situated on eight hills overhanging the James River, a sparkling stream studded here and there with bright islands, or brawling over broken rocks." The city is an important center of tobacco curing and manufacturing. The value of the output of plug tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, and smoking tobacco exceeds $10,000,000 a year. There are extensive foundries and machine shops, car shops, and wagon factories. The city is a port of entry . Lines of boats ply to the Chesapeake and several lines of railway intersect here. Historic interest centers in Capitol Square, a beautiful park of twelve acres, in the center of which the classical state capitol stands. The building is of two stories and is oblong in shape. At the suggestion of Thomas Jefferson it was modeled after an ancient Roman temple at Nimes, France. Modern wings were added in 1905. A portion of the square was formerly part of a plantation owned by Nathaniel Bacon. The grounds are studded with fine trees, the home of large gray squirrels, so tame that they hardly scamper out of the pathways. There are numerous statues of public men, including Washington, Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Chief Justice Marshall, Clay, and "Stonewall" Jackson. The governor's mansion and the state library face the square. The latter guards the original parole signed by Cornwallis at Yorktown and many other historic documents. The church in which the famous Virginia Convention of 1775 met still stands. The attendant still points out the pew in which Patrick Henry sat and the spot where he stood when he made his celebrated speech ending, "I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death." The prevailing architecture of the city is what is known as colonial. Large porticoes and lofty pillars give dignity to the old homes. The houses of Justice Marshall and other historic residences still stand. Presidents Tyler and Monroe are buried in Hollywood Cemetery. Captain John Smith was the first white man to visit the site of the city. The capital of Virginia was moved from Williamsburg to Richmond in 1779. In June, 1861, it became the capital of the Confederacy. The city was fortified by a circle of distant earthworks which may yet be traced from the roof of the capitol. It withstood the attack of the Federal troops for three years. Nearly two score battles and skirmishes took place in the immediate vicinity. Many of the Federal prisoners were confined in Libby Prison , an old tobacco warehouse, and on Belle Isle in the James River. The home, the official quarters, the church pew, and the burial place of Jefferson Davis are here. Over 6,000 unknown Federal dead lie buried in the National Cemetery. Hollywood is the resting place of 12,000 Confederate dead. Their memory is commemorated by a magnificent pyramid of granite, adorned with ivy and Virginia creeper . The home of General Robert E. Lee, the hero of the Confederacy, is owned by the Virginia Historical Society. His statue and that of his well known war horse, "Traveler," grace Howitzer Park. Richmond has been the meeting place of many noted gatherings and the scene of stirring events. Although an active manufacturing and commercial city, the historic part of the town remains practically unchanged. The chain of historic associations is still unbroken. A new city hall, a highly ornate modern building erected at a cost of $1,400,000, seems almost out of place. See Virginia ; Libby Prison ; Confederacy
Richmond a city and county-seat of Wayne co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city and county-seat of Wayne co., Ind.; on the Whitewater river, and on the Chesapeake and Ohio of Indiana, the Grand Rapids and Indiana, the Ohio Electric, and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis railroads; 69 miles E. of Indianapolis. The Friends have the institutions, Earlham College and Friends' Academy. The city is also the place of the Yearly Meeting of the Orthodox Friends of Indiana. It has electric street railroads, gas and electric lights, waterworks, State Hospital for the Insane, Reid Memorial Hospital, a high school, National and private banks, and a number of daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals. Richmond has many industries, including flour and lumber mills, and manufactories of clothing, paper bags, paper, pianos, tile, automobiles, office furniture, desks, church furniture, boilers, traction engines, steam engines, carriages and wagons, bicycles, lawn mowers, plows, threshing machines, grain drills, etc. The city was founded by a colony of Friends in 1815. Pop. (1910) 22,324; (1920) 26,765.
Richmond a city of California
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of California, in Contra Costa co. It is on the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fé and the Southern Pacific railroads. Its situation on the west side of San Francisco Bay, with a frontage of 6 miles of deep water, make it an excellent shipping point. It is the center of the oil region of the Pacific coast, and is the terminus of the Standard Oil pipe lines. It contains large oil refineries. Its other industries include railway repair shops, pipe and steel works, porcelain factories, brick works, foundries, stone quarries, etc. The city has a park, a library, excellent school buildings, and a city hall. Pop. (1910) 6,802; (1920) 16,843.
Richmond CHARLES ALEXAN- DER, an American New York City in 1862
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CHARLES ALEXAN- DER, an American New York City in 1862. He was edueducator, born in cated at the College of the City of New York , Princeton University, and Princeton Theological Seminary, and received honorary degrees from American universities. In 1888 he was number of a ordained Presbyterian minister. After serving as pastor of churches in East Aurora, N. Y., and Albany, N. Y., he became, in lege and chancellor of Union University, 1909, president of Union Col- Schenectady, N. Y. In 1916 he was president of the New York State College Presidents' Association.
Richmond county-seat of Madison co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
county-seat of Madison co., Ky.; 25 miles S. E. of Lexington. It is famous as the scene of one of the fiercest battles of the Civil War. The Confederate general, E. Kirby Smith, in command of 18,000 troops, attacked a much larger Union army under command of Gens. M. D. Manson and William Nelson, and after a three hours' battle utterly defeated the Union forces, whose loss, including killed, wounded and prisoners, was 5,000. The town contains the Central University and the Madison Female Institute. Pop. (1910) 5,340; (1920) 5,622.
Richmond a city in Victoria
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city in Victoria, Australia, constituting a suburb of the city of Melbourne. It is situated in Bourke co., and is one of the pleasantest of the metropolitan suburbs, having numerous parks and public gardens. There are a number of prosperous industries in the city. Pop. about 40,000.
Richmond VIRGINIA TRINITY CHURCH, NEWPORT
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
VIRGINIA TRINITY CHURCH, NEWPORT, R. I. CITY OF RIGA
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Of the seven Richmonds gathered here, the Virginia capital is the one two of the six encyclopedias thought worth a long article, and it is still the best known; the other entries on the page are much shorter notices, and only the Virginia text is set out at length above. Collier's counted 171,667 people in 1920 and put tobacco first among the industries: the city passed 200,000 by mid-century and stands near 230,000 today in a metropolitan area of well over a million, while cigarette making, though Philip Morris still operates there, no longer defines the place. Two Collier's landmarks have been transformed rather than lost: Richmond College became the University of Richmond, and the Jefferson Davis house museum of Confederate relics is now part of the American Civil War Museum, which presents the war from Union, Confederate and African American perspectives. The fortified lines Collier's recommended viewing from the Brook Road were largely gathered into Richmond National Battlefield Park in 1936, and the Confederate monuments that dominated Monument Avenue were taken down in 2020 and 2021, the Robert E. Lee equestrian statue last of all.
Written for this edition, 2026.