Roberts
Roberts names 6 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Roberts FREDERICK, EARL
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FREDERICK, EARL, an English military officer; the son of an Indian officer, Gen. Sir Abraham Roberts; born in Cawnpur, India, Sept. 30, 1832. He was brought to England when two years old, educated at Clifton, Eton, Sandhurst, and Addiscombe, and entered the FIELD-MARSHAL ROBERTS Bengal Artillery in 1851. His first taste of actual warfare was got in the hot time of the siege of Delhi, during the Mutiny, and he took an active part in the subsequent operations down to the relief of Lucknow, acting on the staff, in the quartermaster-general's department, and he won the V. C. He discharged the duties of assistant quartermaster-general in the Abyssinian expedition of 1868, and in the Lushai expedition of 1871-1872. On the outbreak of the Afghan War in 1878, Roberts, now Major-General, was appointed ated to to command the Kurram division of the army. He forced in brilliant fashion the Afghan position on the peak of Peiwar Kotul (8,500 feet above sealevel), and was rewarded with a knightcommandership of the Bath (1879). After the murder of Sir Louis Cavagnari and the escort of the British mission at Kabul, he was given command of the force sent to avenge them. He defeated the Afghans at Charásia on Oct. 6, took possession of Kabul on the 12th, and assumed the government of the country, Yákúb Khan having abdicated. Events followed quickly: the fortified cantonment of Sherpur was occupied by the British army, the fortress of Bala Hissar in Kabul was dismantled, Yákúb Khan was sent a prisoner to India, the Afghans began to concentrate on Kabul, General Roberts sought to check them, and there was much sharp fighting round the city, Abdurrahman was proclaimed Ameer, and General Burrows was crushingly defeated at Maiwand, and the British garrison of Kandahar besieged by the followers of Ayub Khan. On Aug. 9 Sir F. Roberts set out with 10,148 troops, 8,143 native followers, and 11,224 baggage animals on his memorable march through the heart of Afghanistan to the relief of Kandahar, which he reached three weeks later. He immediately gave battle to Ayub Khan and routed him completely, capturing all his artillery and his camp. the When he visited England toward close of the year he was honored with a baronetcy, and on his return to India was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Madras army (1881), and held the rank of Commander-in-Chief in India 1885- 1893. He was appointed Commander-in- Chief of the forces in Ireland in 1895; and in 1899 took command of the English forces in South Africa; capturing Cronjé, relieving Kimberley, and annexing the two republics. He returned to England and was created Earl, and made Commanderin-Chief, which position he held until it 1904. During the sucwas abolished in ceeding 10 years Lord Roberts urged upon his countrymen the need of more was little heeded. He died Nov. 14, 1914, while visiting the British lines in France.
Roberts WILLIAM HENRY, an American Presbyterian clergyman
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
WILLIAM HENRY, an American Presbyterian clergyman, born at Holyhead, Wales, in 1844. He was educated at the College of the City of New York and at Princeton Theological Seminary, receiving honorary degrees from several American universities. From 1863 to 1865 he was statistician of the Treasury Department, and from 1866 to 1871, assistant librarian of Congress. In 1873 he was ordained a Presbyterian minister, and after some years as pastor of a church at Cranford, N. J., he was librarian of the Princeton Theological Seminary, from 1878 to 1886, and proat the Lane fessor of practical theology Theological Seminary, from 1886 to 1893. In 1884, he became stated clerk of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States; in 1888, American secretary of the Alliance of the Reformed Churches Throughout the World; and in 1907, secretary of the Council of Reformed Churches in the United States. He also served as treasurer of the Centenary Fund for Ministerial Relief (1888 to 1890), for the Anniversary Reunion Fund (1895 to 1897), and of the Twentieth Century Fund (1900 to 1902). In 1896, he was president of the Glasgow, Scotland, Pan- Presbyterian Council; from 1903 to 1909, secretary of the Interchurch Conference on Marriage and Divorce; in 1905, president of the Interchurch Conference on Federation, N. Y.; in in 1907, moderator ; of the Presbyterian General Assembly and in 1918-19, chairman of the Conference on Organic Union. He published "History of the Presbyterian Church" (1888); "The Presbyterian System" (1895); etc., and edited "Minutes of the General Assembly" (34 volumes) (1884 to 1919), etc. He died in 1920.
Roberts FRANK HUNT HURD, an American educator
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
FRANK HUNT HURD, an American educator, born at Mt. Vernon, Ohio, in 1869. He was educated at the Ohio University, Kenyon College, and the University of Denver. From 1889 to 1893 he devoted himself to newspaper work in Ohio, from 1889 to 1899 he acted as superintendent and principal of schools for various schools, from 1903 to 1914 he was professor of history at the University of Denver, and in 1914 became extra-mural professor at this institution. In September, 1910, he was made_president of the New Mexico Normal University, Las Vegas, N. M. He was public lecturer on historical and pedagogical subjects, investigated municipal ownership in Europe on behalf of the University of Denver, in 1905, and was the director of the Wyoming educational exhibit at the Paris and St. Louis expositions. From 1911 to 1917 he was a member of the New Mexico State Board of Education. In 1916-17 he was president of the New Mexico Educational Association. During the World War he was the State chairman of the "Four-Minute Men," and of the National Security League. He was State president of the Y. M. C. A. from 1917 to 1919, and was also a member of the executive committee of the Interchurch World Movement. He was a member of several historical and educational societies, and published "A Comparative Study of the State and Nation" (1900); "Čivil Government" (1902); "Civil Government of Wyoming" (1902); "History and Civics of New دو Mexico" (1918); and numerous articles to educational and political journals.
Roberts MORLEY, an English novelist and journalist
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
MORLEY, an English novelist and journalist, born in London in 1857. He was educated in the public schools and at Owens College, Manchester. In 1874 he removed to Australia and was engaged in various employments. He traveled also in the United States and in the South Seas, Samoa, South Africa, and other parts of the world. He was a prolific writer and his stories of adventure attained wide popularity. They include "Red Earth" (1894); "The Colossus" (1899); "The Way of a Man" (1902); "The Private Life of Henry Maitland" (1912); "Gloomy Fanny" (1913); and "Sweet Herbs and Bitter" (1914).
Roberts ELLIS HENRY, an American journalist and financier
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ELLIS HENRY, an American journalist and financier, born in Utica, N. Y., in 1827. He graduated from Yale University in 1850, and in the following year became editor and proprietor of the Utica Morning Herald. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1866, and was elected to Congress in 1871, serving until 1875. From 1889 to 1893 he was Assistant Treasurer of the United States, and Treasurer of the United States from 1897 to 1905. He wrote "Government Revenue" (1888); "New York, the Planting and Growth of the Empire State" (1887; 1904). He died in 1918.
Roberts KENNETH LEWIS, an American author
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
KENNETH LEWIS, an American author, born at Kennebunk, Me., in 1885. He was educated at Cornell University. Having served as editor-in-chief of the "Cornell Widow" during his under-graduate days; he became a contributor of fiction, special articles, light verse, etc., to "Life," "Puck," and many other periodicals. In 1916-17 he was on the editorial staff of "Puck." During the World War he served first as a captain of the Military Intelligence Division and later with the American Expeditionary Force in Siberia.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
Collier's wrote in 1921 that in his last ten years Lord Roberts "urged upon his countrymen the need of more" military preparedness and "was little heeded" — yet Britain introduced conscription in January 1916, barely a year after his death at St Omer in November 1914, and his campaign for national service is now usually treated as prescient rather than crankish. What has changed most is the tone: where Collier's celebrates the "memorable march" to Kandahar and the annexation of "the two republics", modern historians of the South African War weigh Roberts's farm-burning and the civilian camps that grew out of it against the victories, and his executions in Kabul in 1879 are read as reprisal rather than justice. The places in the entry have kept their grim familiarity: British troops were fighting again around Kabul and Kandahar between 2001 and 2014, and Peiwar Kotal and Maiwand remain on the map.
Written for this edition, 2026.