Rochester
Rochester names 7 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Rochester a city of New York
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of New York, the county-seat of Monroe co. It is on Lake Ontario, the Barge canal, and on the New York Central, the Erie, the Lehigh Valley, the Pennsylvania, and the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh railroads. There are five electric lines carrying passengers, express and freight into the city. The recently completed barge canal is an outlet for heavy freight, and has a harbor in the center of the city. The city school system includes 47 buildings. In 1919 there were approximately 1,400 teachers with 42,876 registered pupils. The expenditures es of the Board for 1919 were $2,927,933.43. There are 5 high schools, 32 parochial schools and many private institutions, including 4 academies, two for girls and two for boys, and one large institution for instruction of deaf mutes. The University of Rochester was founded in 1850 and has beautiful grounds in the eastern part of the city. There are also the Rochester Theological Seminary, Baptist, and St. Bernard's Theological Seminary, Catholic. There are 16 banks in Rochester with a capital of $6,500,000, a total surplus of $15,916,000, and total deposits of $227,726,044. The city owns its own waterworks system, bringing its supply from Hemlock and Canadice lakes, 30 miles S. of Rochester, through three large conduits. There are 5 daily newspapers, and a large number appearing less frequently. The city maintains a large park system. The Park Commission was created in 1888 and the park system has been enlarged year by year through purchases and gifts so that now the total area of park territory is 16,049 acres. The five largest parks in their order are Durand-Eastman, located on the lake shore and the northern edge of the city; Genesee Valley Park, located on the S. of the city on both sides of the Genesee river; Seneca Park, to the N. of the city and E. of the river; Maplewood Park, to the N. of the city and W. of the river; Highland Park, in which is located one of the large reservoirs; also one of the finest arboretums in the country. Rochester has a public library with 6 branches circulating 75,000 volumes. The city also has the Reynolds Library with 78,000 volumes. These are in addition to the libraries maintained by the school system and universities. The manufacturing interests of Rochester are large. There are 1,760 factories turning out 350 commodities. The city leads the world in the production of a large number of articles, including cameras, camera supplies, optical goods, check protectors, thermometers, filing devices and office systems, enameled steel tanks, soda fountain fruits and syrups. The city leads in the country in the production of high-class ivory buttons and is the headquarters for all nursery business in the United States. It produces 60% of the typewriter and carbon ribbon made in the country. It ranks fourth in the United States in the production of shoes and men's clothing. The annual output of shoes in 1919 was $55,000,000 in the 56 factories of Rochester. The annual output of high-grade men's clothing in 1919 was $60,000,000 in 40 factories. The value of the annual woodworking output is $14,000,000. It is a large machinery center, having several large plants devoted to the manufacture of machines and tools. There are also several automobile factories. History. The site of the city was occupied by a few colonists as early as 1788, but the first permanent settlement was made by Nathaniel Rochester in 1810. The first frame house was built in 1812, and the place was incorporated under the name of Rochesterville in 1817. It received its city charter in 1834. Pop. (1890) 133,896; (1900) 162,608; (1910) 218,159; (1920) 295,750.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
a city of New York . It is situated on both sides of the Genesee River. The Genesee here leaps down two precipices of eighty feet and ninety-six feet sheer descent, respectively. Among many bridges is one lined on either side with shops, quite in Old World fashion. The city lies in the midst of what was at one time the leading wheat-producing section of the Union. An abundance of grain and power made Rochester for a time the center of the American milling industry. The Erie Canal is carried across the river here by means of a stone aqueduct. The city is also a central point for several railway systems. In regard to industries, Rochester is now the first of American cities in the magnitude of its nursery and orchard interests. No other city in the world cans so much fruit. It is headquarters for the manufacture of microscopes, cameras, and other optical instruments. It is the third city in the Union in the manufacture of clothing and fourth in boots and shoes . The population is about 200,000. The natural beauty of the city has been enhanced by a series of public parks. There are over a hundred churches and numerous educational institutions, including the University of Rochester, a Baptist institution with about three hundred students. Rochester was long the home of the Fox sisters, the founders of modern spiritualism, and of Frederick Douglass, the eloquent colored abolitionist. Sam Patch, a famous athlete of whom boys have heard, lived here. He made a specialty of leaping from the masts of ships and from bridges, as at Niagara and Passaic, New Jersey . In 1829 he advertised an exhibition leap over one of the falls in the Genesee at Rochester. He made the leap but lost his life.
Rochester a city of Kent
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of Kent, England, 33 miles E. S. E. of London; chiefly on the right bank of the Medway, contiguous to Chatham, and joined to Strood by an iron swing bridge constructed in 1850-1856 at a cost of $850,- 000. The castle or keep, which crowns a steep eminence near the bridge, was the work of Archbishop William de Corbeuil (1126); but the wall overlooking the river contains Norman masonry of earlier date, built upon Roman foundations. It is 104 feet high and 70 feet square, with walls 12 feet thick, and is a very fine specimen of Norman architecture; it was taken by John (1215, the S. E. corner being rebuilt shortly afterward), vainly attacked by De Montfort (1264), and taken again by Tyler (1381). Both castle and grounds were purchased in 1883 by the corporation from the Earl of Jersey. The Episcopal see was founded in 604 by St. Augustine, and the foundations of the cathedral then built have been discovered. Bishop Gundulf (1077-1107) built a new cathedral, of which part of the crypt remains. This cathedral was rebuilt by Ernulf and John of Canterbury (1115-1137), whose nave remains; and the choir was again rebuilt and enlarged in the 13th century in part out of offerings of pilgrims at the shrine of St. William of Perth, a Scotch baker, who, on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, was murdered near Rochester by his companion and adopted son; the tower rebuilt by Cottingham (1825-1827), the choir and transepts restored by Scott (1871-1877), and the W. front being restored by Pearson in 1891. It measures 306 feet in length, and has double transepts; and special features of interest are the Norman west doorway and nave, the Early English choir, of singular plan and early character, the spacious crypt, and a fine decorated doorway leading to the modern library. The ruins of an early Norman keep or residence built by Gundulf, the architect of the Tower of London, stand on the N. side of the choir. St. Bartholomew's Hospital, founded by Gundulf in 1078 for lepers, was refounded in 1863; the Norman chapel remains. Watts' Charity House, founded in 1579 to lodge "six poor travelers, not being rogues or proctors," has been immortalized by Dickens, whose home, Gadshill, to three-fourths silica; and calcareous is 3 miles distant, and who introduces Rochester into "Pickwick," "Edwin Drood," and others of his novels. Three schools are the cathedral grammar school (Henry VIII.), Williamson's mathematical school (1704; reopened under a new scheme, 1880), and a grammar school for girls (1888); and other buildings are Satis House, Restoration House (Charles II. slept here in 1660), the guild hall (1687), and the corn exchange (1871). Rochester-the Roman station Durobrivæ and Anglo-Saxon Hrofe-ceastre-was made a municipal borough by Henry II. James II. embarked here in his flight (1688). Pop. about 32,000. JOHN WILMOT,
Rochester EARL OF, a witty English nobleman of the court of Charles II
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
EARL OF, a witty English nobleman of the court of Charles II.; born in Ditchley, Oxfordshire, April 10, 1647, and was educated at Wadham College. He succeeded to the title and estates in 1659. He served in the fleet under Lord Sandwich, and distinguished himself at the attack on Bergen. On his return to England he became the personal friend and favorite of the king. His constitution gave way under his habits of drunkenness and debauchery. His poetical works consist of satires, love songs, and drinking songs, many of them gems of wit and fancy, and many of them daringly immoral. He died July 26, 1680.
Rochester a city and county-seat of Olmsted co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city and county-seat of Olmsted co., Minn.; on the Zumbro river, and on the Chicago and Northwestern and the Chicago Great Western railroads; 90 miles S. E. of St. Paul. Here are a public high school, State Hospital for the Insane, St. Mary's Hospital, a Roman Catholic Seminary, National banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. The city was the home of the Mayo brothers (q. v.), surgeons, who conducted and endowed St. Mary's Hospital. It has a number of foundries, and manufactories of wagons, furniture, and agricultural implements. The city was incorporated in 1858. Pop. (1910) 7,844; (1920) 13,722.
Rochester a borough of Pennsylvania
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a borough of Pennsylvania, in Beaver co. It is on the Ohio river and on the railroads of the Pennsylvania system. It is the center of an important industrial region and in the vicinity are deposits of gas, oil, clay and building stone. Its manufactures include glass, structural steel, pottery, stoves, lumber products, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,903; (1920) 6,957.
Rochester a city of New Hampshire
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of New Hampshire, in Strafford co. It is on the Cocheco river and on the Boston and Maine railroad. It has important industries including the manufacture of shoes, woolshoes, en goods, brick, leather goods, and lumber. It has excellent schools and a public library. Pop. (1910) 8,868; (1920) 9,673.
Rochester UNIVERSITY OF, a co-educational institution in Rochester
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
UNIVERSITY OF, a co-educational institution in Rochester, N. Y.; founded in 1850 under the auspices of the Baptist Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 51; students, 677; president, Rush Rhees, LL.D.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The page's centre of gravity is Rochester, New York, and it is the entry that has been overturned. When Collier's wrote in 1921 that the city led the world in cameras, optical goods and camera supplies, it was describing the empire of George Eastman; Eastman Kodak filed for bankruptcy protection in 2012 and the clothing and shoe factories that Collier's counted in the dozens are gone, with the University of Rochester and its medical centre now the region's largest employer. The population, rising steeply through every census Collier's lists, peaked around 332,000 in 1950 and stands near 211,000 today, and Aiton's milling and nursery trades have likewise faded. Rochester in Kent has kept its Norman castle keep and cathedral but lost its formal city status in 1998, when it was absorbed into the Medway unitary authority; the smaller Rochesters and the other subjects sharing the headword remain footnotes, though the Fox sisters, whose spiritualism Aiton's reports as founded in Rochester, are now generally treated as confessed hoaxers rather than founders of a faith.
Written for this edition, 2026.