Rosa
Rosa names 3 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below.
Rosa SALVATOR, an Italian painter
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
SALVATOR, an Italian painter, etcher and poet; born near Naples, Italy, June 20, 1615. He received instruction in art from his brother-in-law, Francesco Fracanzaro, a pupil of Ribera, but his taste and skill were more influenced by his studies of nature on the Neapolitan coast. Rosa's father, dying in 1632, left his family in difficulties, and Salvator was compelled to sell his landscapes for small sums. One of his pictures fell into the hands of the painter Lanfranco, who at once recognized the genius of the youth and encouraged him to go to Rome. In 1638 Rosa settled in Rome, where he soon established his reputation and rose to fame and wealth. The bitterness of his satire, expressed both in his satirical poems and in an allegorical painting of ROSACEÆ the "Wheel of Fortune" rendered his stay in Rome inadvisable. He therefore accepted an invitation to Florence (1642), where he remained nearly nine years under the protection of the Medici. He finally returned to Rome. Salvator Rosa SALVATOR ROSA delighted in romantic landscape, delineating scenes of gloomy grandeur and bold magnificence. He also painted battle scenes, and latterly historical pictures. His poems were all satires, vigorous enough and pungent; among them are "Babylon" (i. e., e., Rome), Rome), "Music," "M "Poetry," "Painting," "War," and "Envy." Rosa etched from his own works with great skill. He died in Rome, Italy, March 15, 1673.
Rosa MONTE, a mountain or group of the Pennine Alps
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
MONTE, a mountain or group of the Pennine Alps, on the frontiers of the Swiss canton of Valais and Piedmont, and forming part of the watershed between the Rhône and the Po. Next to Mont Blanc it is the highest mountain in the Alps, but as a group it is much more massive than the Mont Blanc group. It has eight summits above 14,000 feet, the highest being Dufourspitze (15,217), ascended for the first time in 1855. Of the huge glaciers that occupy the slopes of this mountain the chief are the Görner Glacier on the W., the Schwarzberg and Findelen Glaciers on the N., the N., the S Sesia and Macugnaga Glaciers on the E., and the Lys Glacier on the S.
Rosa CARL AUGUST NICHOLAS, originally Rose
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
CARL AUGUST NICHOLAS, originally Rose, a German opera manager and violinist; born in Hamburg, Germany, March 22, 1842. He was educated at the Leipsic Conservatory for a violinist, and appeared at the Crystal Palace in London, March 10, 1866. He soon came to the United States, where during a concert tour he met and married (in New York, in February, 1867) Mme. Parepa; formed an opera company, including Mme. Parepa-Rosa, Wachtel, Santley, Ronconi, and Formes, traveling as far as California. After his wife's death (1874), he organized in London an English opera company with which he produced nearly a score of popular operas not previously given in English. He died in Paris, France, April 30, 1889. See PAREPA-ROSA.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The biographies still stand: Salvator Rosa died in Rome in 1673 and Carl Rosa in Paris in 1889, and nothing has altered those facts, though modern scholars have pruned the swollen list of paintings once given to Rosa and treat his "gloomy grandeur" as a deliberate marketing of the sublime rather than mere temperament. Monte Rosa's Dufourspitze, which Collier's put at 15,217 feet in 1921, is now measured at 4,634 metres (about 15,203 feet), and the Gorner Glacier on its western flank has retreated markedly since then, as have the Findelen and Lys ice streams. The Carl Rosa Opera Company, which Collier's mentions only as his London venture, outlived him by seventy years before closing in 1958; the name was revived for a touring company in the 1990s.
Written for this edition, 2026.