Saint Clair River

Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)

a river forming the boundary between Michigan and Ontario, the outlet of Lake Huron. It empties into Lake St. Clair. The river is navigable and a canal has been dug through one of its channels, forming the St. Clair Flats Canal. A tunnel underneath the river between Port Huron and Sarnia connects the Canadian Grand Trunk and the Chicago and Grand Trunk railways. ST. CLAIR, ARTHUR, an American military officer; born in Thurso, Scotland, in 1734. He was at Louisburg in 1758 and Quebec in 1759; engaged in the battles of Trenton and Princeton; was in command in 1777 at Ticonderoga, which Burgoyne forced him to evacuate; was at the battle of Yorktown; president of Conary force against the Miami Indians, numbering 1,400, commanded by him, was cut to pieces near Miami village in 1791. He resigned his command in 1792; published an account of the Miami expedition in 1812; and died near Greensburg, Pa., August 31, 1818. ST. CLOUD, a city and county-seat of Stearns co., Minn.; on the Mississippi river, and on the Northern Pacific, and the Great Northern railroads; 75 miles N. W. of St. Paul. It contains the Minnesota State Reformatory, a State Normal School, hospital, public library, waterworks, street railroad and electric light plants, National and private banks, and daily newspapers. It has novelty works, manufactures of lumber and wagons, flour mills, foundry, several granite quarries, the Great Northern railroad car shops, and large grain interests. Pop. (1910) 10,600; (1920) 15,873. ST. CLOUD, a town of France, in the department of Seine-et-Oise; on an eminence near the Seine, 5 miles W. of Paris. Henry III. was assassinated here in 1589 by the fanatical monk Jacques Clément. St. Cloud was long famous on account of its magnificent château, built by Louis XIV.'s brother, the Duke of Orleans. Napoleon planned and carried out here the coup of 18th Brumaire, and after he became emperor made this château his favorite place of residence. It was destroyed, and its magnificent park (in which stands the Sèvres porcelain factory), greatly injured, during the siege of Paris in 1870. Pop. about 6,000. ST. CROIX, an American river, called also the Passamaquoddy and the Schoodic, which, flowing out of Grand Lake, on the E. border of Maine, runs S. E. 75 miles to Passamaquoddy Bay, and forms a portion of the boundary between the United States and New Brunswick. ST. CROIX, a West Indian island, formerly belonging to Denmark; purchased by the United States in 1916 and now one of the Virgin Islands. Area, 74 square miles; pop. about 20,000. Pop. of Fredericksted, chief town, 3,000. The W. portion is hilly, but the soil almost throughout the island is productive. Sugar which is, however, is the principal crop, diminishing. The island was discovered by Columbus. ST. CUTHBERT, an English bishop; born near Melrose, England; early in the 7th century. He was successively prior of the monasteries of Melrose and Lindisfarne, retired afterward to the lone and desolate isle of Farne, where he might engress in 1787; governor of Northwest joy a life of solitude. He finally yielded Territory in 1789-1802. The expedition- to the persuasion of the Northumbrian king, Oswy, and took the bishopric of the province of Lindisfarne. He held this office for two years, when, worn out by labors and austerities, he died on the island of Farne, March 20, 687, which day is observed for his festival. ST. CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA, an Egyptian bishop; born in Alexandria, Egypt ypt, about 376. He succeeded his uncle Theophilus as Bishop of Alexandria in 412. He compelled the Novatians to silence, banished the Jews, and caused Nestorius to be condemned and deposed by the Council of Ephesus. A subsequent ex parte council of 42 bishops, headed by John, patriarch of Antioch, and favoring Nestorius, excommunicated and deposed his opponent. The emperor, appealed to in this strait, condemned both sides, and ordered the rival champions to be impris oned. The powerful intercession of Rome, however, caused this sentence against Cyril to be abrogated. His works, mostly controversial, have been published, Paris, 1638, in seven volumes, folio. He died in Alexandria in June, 444. ST. CYRIL OF JERUSALEM, a Church father; born in or near Jerusalem, Palestine, about 315. He was elected bishop of his native city in 351. He was soon engaged in hot conflict with his metropolitan, the Arian bishop Acacius of Cæsarea, who caused him to be twice deposed. He was for the second time restored to his episcopate in 360. Soon after, his old enemy Acacius died, but Cyril was immediately involved in new difficulties. After considerable strife Cyril was banished by order of the Emperor Valens 1 in 367; nor did he return till the emperor's death in 378. His writings, mostly doctrinal, are extremely valuable. They present to us, in a more complete and systematic manner than the writings of any other father, the creed of the Church. He died in 386. ST. DAVID. See DAVID I. ST. DAVID, FORT, a ruined defensive work on the coast of Madras presidency, British India; 100 miles S. of Madras, on the outskirts of Cuddalore. It became British in 1690, along with all the land round about to the distance of a "randome shott," and was an important place during the struggle with the French, forming the chief of the English settlements on the Coromandel coast from 1746 to 1752. It is of interest also from association with Clive, who became governor in 1756. ST. DAVIDS, a village in Pembrokeshire, South Wales, on the rivulet Alan, within 1½ miles of St. Brides Bay and 16 miles W. N. W. of Haverford-West station. The ancient Menevia, it is now a very small place; but in the Middle Ages its cathedral, with the shrine of its founder, St. David, the patron saint of Wales, attracted many pilgrims, among them the Conqueror, Henry II., Edward I. and Queen Eleanor. Rebuilt between 1180 and 1522 that cathedral is a cruciform pile, measuring 298 feet by 120 across the transepts, with a central tower 116 feet high. Special features are the base of St. David's shrine, the tomb of Ed-signed; he also lectured for some years mund Tudor, Henry VII.'s father, and the mosaics by Salviati. Little is known of the British bishops after St. David's death in 601; of the 72 since 1115 may be mentioned Archbishops Thoresby and Chichely, Barlow, Ferrar the Marian martyr, Middleton the forger, Archbishop Laud, Mainwaring, Bull, Lowth, Horsley, and Thirlwall. N. of the cathedral is the ruined college of St. Mary (1377), with a slender tower 70 feet high; and across the Alan are the stately remains of Bishop Gower's palace (1342). ST. DENIS. See DENIS, ST. ST. DIÉ, a town of France, department of the Vosges; on the Meurthe, 50 miles S. E. of Nancy. It has a Romanesque-Gothic cathedral, a large seminary, and a museum, and carries on energetically the weaving of cotton, the making and iron of hosiery, paper, machinery, goods. It is a convenient starting-point for excursions into the Vosges mountains. Pop. about 22,000. ST. DOMINIC. See DOMINIC, SAINT. SAINTE ANNE DE BEAUPRÉ, a village of Quebec, Canada, in Montmorency co., at the junction of the Ste. Anne and the St. Lawrence rivers. It is chiefly noted for the church of Ste. Anne, containing relics of Ste. Anne which are alleged to have miraculous powers. Thousands of pilgrims visit the shrine annually. Ste. Anne was founded about 1620 and the first church was erected in 1658. It was restored in 1878 and still remains. Several picturesque falls are in the neighborhood. Pop. about 2,000.