Saint-Pierre
2 of the 7 encyclopedias on this shelf carry an entry for Saint-Pierre. Both are reproduced below, so you can see where they agree and where they differ.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
2026 Editor's Note: This page uses language about other peoples, religions, or nationalities that was commonplace when the book was published and is offensive by today's standards. The text has been left exactly as it was printed, rather than cut or softened, so that the historical record — including how ordinary such language once was — is preserved. (Ed: ET 2026-07-22) JACQUES HENRI BERNARDIN DE, a French author born in 1737. He learned engineering, and in the capacity of engineer worked in Malta, Russia, and Germany, and for about three years for the French Govern- JACQUES H. B. DE SAINT-PIERRE ment France in Mauritius. Having returned to he betook himself to literature. His " Studies of Nature, " published in Then 1783, followed first secured his chief him a works workarom literary: " Paul position and. Virginia" (1787) and "Indian Cottage" aoe" (1790), both of them (especially the former) very popular. In 1795 he was admitted to the Institute. He died in 1814. ST. POL DE LÉON, a town in the Breton department of Finistère, France, near the English Channel, nel, 13 13 miles miles N. N. W. of Morlaix. It has a 13th-century cathedral, dedicated to St. Pol, who came hither from Cornwall in the 6th century, and also the Kreizker church, with a beautiful spire 252 feet high. ST. QUENTIN, a town in the French department of Aisne, on the Somme, 95 miles N. E. of Paris and 33 S. of Cam- SAINT-SAËNS brai. The church of St. Quentin is a remarkably fine Gothic structure, dating from the 12th to the 15th century, and containing a much more ancient crypt. The town hall (15th and 16th centuries) is also a fine specimen of Gothic. The town is a center of the cotton industries, including the making of calicoes, tulle, cretonnes, jaconets, muslin, merino, cam bric, gauze, and so forth. Further, vast quantities of embroidery are prepared, and machinery, hats, paper, sugar, soap, and beer are manufactured. St. Quentin and its vicinity has been the scene of memorable battles. The Spaniards under the Duke of Savoy and Ferdinand Gonzaga, assisted by an English contingent under the Earl of Pembroke and Egmont in command of the Flemings, inflicted a crushing defeat on the French under Constable Montmorency, Aug. 10, 1557 (St. Lawrence's Day), a victory which Philip II. commemorated in the Escorial. Shortly afterward the town, after a brilliant defense by Coligny, capitulated to the Spanish army. On Jan. 19, 1871, the Germans under Von Goeben put to rout the army of Faidherbe, capturing nearly 10,000 prisoners. During the World War St. Quentin was reduced to ruins by the German guns. By the terms of the Treaty of Peace (1919) the city is to be rebuilt by German labor. Pop. before the war about 55,500. ST. REMY, a town in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône, France; 15 miles N. E. of Arles. Near it are antiquities from the Roman town of Glanum Livii. The most noteworthy are the triumphal arch, A. D. 100, and the tomb, or monument, of the Julii. The latter is about 60 feet high, rising two stories above the square base. Around the base is a series of military scenes in relief; the first story is pierced by archways, and decorated with Corinthian semi - columns; and the second story is a circular edicule with 10 Corinthian columns and a domical roof sheltering assigned two to the statues time. of This the monument early empire. SAINT-SAËNS, CHARLES CAMILLE, a French musician; born in Paris, France, Oct. 3, 1835. At the age, it is said, of two and a half years he was taught the pianoforte by his great-aunt, and at seven further instruction from Stamaty, Maleden. In 1847 he studied the organ and subsequently learned harmony under under Benoist. At the age of 16 he wrote his first symphony, which was performed with success, and was followed by numer ous other instrumental works. He became organist, first of the church of St. Méry, and in 1858 of the Madeleine, where he continued till 1877. His first opera, "The Yellow Princess," was given in 1872, and "The Silver Bell" in 1877; but neither was successful. "Samson and Dalila," a sacred drama, was produced at Weimar also in 1877, and was subsequently successfully revived at Rouen. More important operas are: "Henry VIII.," brought out in 1883 at the Grand Opéra with success, not however extending to its subsequent revivals; "Proserpina," given in 1887, but received with disapprobation; and "Ascanius," produced at the Grand Opéra, March 21, 1890, and well received, though not with unmixed praise; "The Barbarians" (1901); "Andromaque" (1903); "L'Ancêtre" (1906). He was one of the greatest performers on the piano and organ, and had remarkable powers of improvisation. He appeared as a performer in various countries. His reputation as a composer is high, though he has not attained the highest rank in opera. He wrote several works on music.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
saN pe-er, Jacques Henri Bernardin de (1737-1814), a French writer celebrated as the author of Paul and Virginia , one of the world's famous stories. Saint Pierre wrote other novels and several volumes of travels and miscellaneous essays. His reputation rests on Paul and Virginia. See Paul And Virginia St. Pierre and Miquelon, me-ke-lon, two islands ten miles off the southern coast of Newfoundland. By the treaty of 1783 they were retained in the possession of France as a fishing station. These islands, with ten or more adjacent islets, are the only remnant held by France of what was formerly known as New France. The total area is ninety-two square miles. Total population, 6,250. The town of St. Pierre on the island of the name has a good harbor. It is the American terminus of the French Atlantic cable . It is the center of an extensive codfishery. A fishing crew requires the use of a small ship and several boats known as dories. In the fishing season the men sail out of harbor for the Banks with a supply of salt and of small fish for bait. They set long trawl lines with buoys. Each trawl bears 3,000 shorter lines baited for cod. In the morning each dory passes along its trawl, taking up the cod and rebaiting. The cod are taken to the ship, where they are split open, washed, and laid down in salt. When bait gives out, the crew sails for home, secures more bait and more salt, and returns to the grounds. The fish are turned over to short-skirted women, who soak out the salt and scrub the fish more thoroughly than their husbands have done. The fish are then spread out on elevated frames to dry in the sun. Several acres of flat, clean rocks are also used for the purpose. In case of fog or rain, the drying fish are piled up and covered with tarpaulin until the sun comes out again. St. Pierre furnishes three-fourths of the codfish used in France. In 1902 the town shipped 72,500,000 pounds. St. Sophia, sant so-fe'a, a celebrated church and mosque of Constantinople. It was founded by Constantine in 325, when he transferred the seat of government from Rome to that city. Several successive edifices have been destroyed and rebuilt. The present church was built by the emperor Justinian. Effort was made to make it the finest and most expensive church in Christendom. It occupies a square of 241 feet. The interior has the form of a Greek cross. The ceiling is composed of a series of domes rising one above the other. The central dome is 175 feet above the pavement. The chair of the patriarch, the highest official of the eastern church, was gilded with silver. The sacramental vessels were of pure gold. The altar cloths were of the richest stuffs, embroidered with pearls and gold thread. The altar itself is said to have been cast of gold in which were imbedded diamonds, sapphires, and other precious gems. This can hardly be, however, for its weight was said to be 160 tons. The reputed value of the altar was $65,000,000. The interior of the church was decorated with marble sculptures and beautiful mosaics, the most elaborate that the artistic world could at that time fashion. When the Turks took possession of Constantinople, they converted St. Sophia into a mosque. According to the teachings of Mohammed, no likenesses of the human figure are permitted in places of worship. The building was prepared for Turkish services by plastering the interior with a deep coating of white. During a recent overhauling of the mosque, the plaster was removed. At the request of the German emperor, artists were permitted to copy the mosaics and sketch the statues. They have been covered up again, however, as before, with white plaster. The interior will remain in this condition, no doubt, as long as the Turk rules Constantinople. St. Sophia has served as a model for many of the Russian cathedrals.