Salisbury
Salisbury names 5 different subjects across the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. Each is set out below. 1 of them is described by more than one encyclopedia.
Salisbury or NEW SARUM
Described by 2 of the 6 encyclopedias.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
or NEW SARUM, a cathedral city of England, the capital of Wiltshire, and a Parliamentary and municipal borough; in a valley near the confluence of the rivers Avon, Bourne, Wily, and Nadder, 84 miles W. S. W. of London. The plan of the city is very regular. Water originally ran through most of the streets, but the streams were covered over after the visitation of the cholera in 1849. The removal from Old Sarum took place in 1220, when the foundations of the new cathedral were laid. It was finally dedicated in 1266. The cathedral consists of a nave of 10 bays, choir, and Lady Chapel, with two aisles, and two transepts, each having a single aisle toward the E., the ground-plan being in the form of a double cross. The whole building is a perfect example of pure Early English style. The spire is the highest in England (406 feet), and leans 27½ inches toward the S. The cathedral was restored by James Wyatt in 1782- 1791, and again, beginning in 1863, by Sir Gilbert Scott, Mr. Street, and Sir Arthur Blomfield. There is a curious muniment room over the vestry containing a copy of the Magna Charta of King John. The library, built about 1450, is over the E. side of the cloisters, and contains about 5,000 volumes and many valuable MSS. The outside measurements of the cathedral are: Length 473 feet, width 111 feet; the height of the nave and choir inside is 81 feet. The cathedral stands apart from any other building in the midst of a beautiful close within which stand the bishop's palace, an irregular building begun by Bishop Richard Poore (about 1220) and added to by many of his successors. The parish churches are St. Martin's, St. Thomas of Canterbury, a handsome Perpendicular building of the 15th century, and St. Edmund of Canterbury. The other notable buildings are the council house; the county hall; the infirmary; the "Hall of John Halle" and Audley House, two fine examples of 15th-century entury domestic architecture; architecture; St. Nicholas' Hospital; and the Blackmore Museum, which contains one of the finest collections of prehistoric antiquities in England, the collection from America being probably unrivaled anywhere. The market-place contains statues of the late Lord Herbert of Lea (Sidney Herbert) and Professor Fawcett, who was a native of the city. Here the Duke of Buckingham was beheaded in 1483, when Salisbury was the headquarters of Richard III. The city chiefly depends on its agricultural trade, the former manufactures of cutlery and woolens being extinct. Pop. about 21,500. John of Salisbury was the confidential adviser of Becket. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was the mother of Cardinal Pole. The most notable bishops of Old Sarum were St. Osmund and Bishop Roger; of New Sarum, Hallam (whose death at the Council of Constance, 1417, is regarded by Dean Milman as fatal to many really effective reforms in the Church), Cardinal Campeggio, Jewell, Seth Ward (founder of the Royal Society), Burnet, Hoadley, Sherlock, Douglas, las, Burgess, Denison, Hamilton, and Moberly. Fox the martyrologist, Hooker, Fuller, Pearson, Isaac Barrow, Joseph Butler, and Liddon have been canons of the cathedral, where George Herbert was a frequent worshiper. Among distinguished natives and residents have been Massinger, William and Henry Lawes, Chiffinch (the chief agent in the intrigues of Charles II.), Harris, the philologist, Chubb "the Deist," and Henry Fawcett. Fielding resided at one time in the close, and Joseph Addison was educated at the grammar school.
Aiton's Encyclopedia (1910)
sawlz'ber-i, the county town of Wiltshire, England. It is situated at the confluence of four beautiful streams, eighty miles southeast of London. The city was formerly the seat of a considerable manufacture of woolens and cutlery, but it now depends chiefly on local trade with the surrounding agricultural district. The town is also known as New Sarum. The site of a former town lies in the immediate vicinity. Up to 1832 the land owners of Old Sarum had the right of sending two members to Parliament, although there was not an inhabited building in the borough. The neighborhood is remarkably rich in antiquities. The Blackmore Museum of Salisbury contains one of the most extensive and best arranged collections of prehistoric implements and remains to be found in England. Salisbury is noted chiefly, however, for its cathedral. It has the form of a Greek cross. A central spire, celebrated for its lightness, slender proportions, and beauty, rises to a height of 404 feet, the tallest in England. The spire was completed in 1375. It is two feet out of perpendicular. The total length of the building is 449 feet. The edifice was begun in 1220. There are two transepts. The cathedral is considered the finest specimen of early English architecture in Great Britain . It is visited yearly by a large number of tourists.
Salisbury ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNE-CECIL, GASCOYNE-CECIL
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNE-CECIL, GASCOYNE-CECIL, THIRD MARQUIS OF, an English statesman; born in Hatfield, Herts, England, Feb. 3, 1830; was educated at Eton and Oxford. As Lord Robert Cecil he entered Parliament as member for Stamford in 1853. and gradually made his way till MARQUIS OF SALISBURY in 1866, on the formation of Lord Derby's third administration, he was appointed secretary of state for India. In 1865 he became Lord Cranborne and heir to the marquisate on the death of his elder brother. Owing to differences of opinion on the subject of the franchise he retired from the ministry, but on the death of his father in 1868 and his consequent elevation to the House of Lords he returned to his old party associations. He resumed the secretaryship for India in the Disraeli government of 1874. He took part in the conference of Constantinople, which was expected to settle the dispute between Russia and Turkey; and at the end of that war, having become foreign minister, he insisted on the treaty which Russia had forced on Turkey being submitted to a congress of the powers. In 1878 he accompanied Disraeli to the congress at Berlin, and on the death of that statesman became the recognized leader of the Conservative party. He became premier as well as foreign secretary on the fall of the Gladstone government in 1885. Gladstone succeeded again to power in the end of the same year, but in the June following was defeated on the Irish bills, when Salisbury again became premier and foreign secretary. His party maintained a majority by means of the adherence of the Liberal Unionists, who were rep represented in the cabinet by Mr. Goschen. He retired from office in 1892; was recalled on the fall of the Rosebery ministry in 1895, and again retired in 1902. He was always a friend of the United States. The Hay-Pauncefote treaty for an Isthmian canal was the last important event in which he took an active part. He was for a long time Chancellor of Oxford University. He died Aug. 22, 1903.
Salisbury ROLLIN D., an American educator
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
ROLLIN D., an American educator, born at Spring Prairie, Wis., in 1858. He graduated from Beloit College in 1881 and was on the faculty of that institution as professor of biology and geology from 1884 to 1891. He was professor of general and geographic geology at the University of Wisconsin in 1891-2. In the latter year he went to the University of Chicago, where in 1899 he became dean of the Ogden School of Science, and in 1903 head of the department of geography. He also served as assistant United States geologist, from 1882 to 1894. From 1919 he was head of the department of geology at the University of Chicago. His writings include "The Physical Geography of New Jersey" (1898); "The Elements of Geography" (1912); and " Geology" (1914).
Salisbury a city and county-seat of Rowan co.
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city and county-seat of Rowan co., N. C.; on the Southern railroad; 131 miles W. of Raleigh. It is in a mineral and agricultural section; contains Salisbury Normal and Industrial College for Women, Livingstone College students, a State Normal School for negro for Colored Pupils, National and other banks, and several weekly periodicals. It has a woolen mill, machine shops, tobacco factories, etc. Pop. (1910) 7,153; (1920) 13,884.
Salisbury a city of Maryland
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)
a city of Maryland, the county-seat of Wicomico co. It is on the Wicomico river and on the Baltimore, Chesapeake, and Atlantic and the New York, Philadelphia, and Norfolk railroads. It has lumber mills, railroad repair shops, and canning factories. Other industries include the manufacture of flour, fertilizers, shirts and underwear, etc. Its institutions include a hospital and a home for the aged. Pop. (1910) 6,690; (1920) 7,553.
What Has Changed in the Last Century
The cathedral Collier's described in 1921 still stands almost exactly as reported: the spire remains England's tallest at about 404 feet, still leaning, and the 1215 Magna Carta copy — the best preserved of the four surviving originals — is still kept in the close, now displayed in the Chapter House. The Blackmore Museum's prehistoric collection has since been absorbed into the Salisbury Museum in the King's House, opposite the cathedral, and the city has grown from the "about 21,500" of Collier's to roughly double that; administratively it is no longer a self-governing borough, having come under the Wiltshire unitary authority based at Trowbridge in 2009. The one thing neither account could foresee is what made Salisbury world news in March 2018, when Sergei and Yulia Skripal were poisoned with the nerve agent Novichok, an attack that also killed a local woman, Dawn Sturgess, later that year. Lord Salisbury, whose career the 1921 entry follows, died in 1903 and is now remembered chiefly as the last prime minister to govern from the House of Lords.
Written for this edition, 2026.