Ashurst
HENRY FOUNTAIN, United States Senator from Arizona. He was born in Winnemucca, Nev., in 1875, was educated in the public schools-parts. In the Pacific are three large and took special courses in law and political economy at the University of Michigan. He began the practice of law in Arizona in 1897. In the same year he was a member of the Arizona Legislature and was successfully re-elected, serving as speaker in 1898. He was district attorney of Coconino co., Arizona in 1905-1906 and again in 1907- 1908, and was elected United States Senator in 1913 and re-elected in 1917.
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Asiah
According to the Kabala, the first of the three classes or natural ranks among the spirits of men, who must advance from the lower to the higher.
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Asiphonata
or ASIPHONIDA, an order of lamellibranchiate, bivalve mollusks, destitute of the siphon or tube through which, in the siphonata, the water that enters the gills is passed outward. It includes the oysters, the scallop shells, the pearl oyster, the mussels, and in general the most useful and valuable mollusks.
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Ask the Oracle
The encyclopaedia has an answer for everything, if you dare to ask. Consult the book
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Askabad
the administrative center of the Russian province of Transcaspia, Turkestan, on the Trans-Caspian railway, situated in the Akhal Tekke oasis, and occupied by Skobeleff in January, 1881, after the sack of Geok Tepé. Its distance from Merv is 232 miles, from Herat 388 miles. It is of considerable commercial importance. Pop. about 50,000.
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Aske
as'ke, in Norse mythology, the first man to whom Odin gave life and soul. Embla was the first woman. Midgard was their home, and from them sprang the whole human race.
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Askja
a volcano near the center of Iceland, first brought into notice by an eruption in 1875. Its crater is 17 miles in circumference, surrounded by a mountain-ring fron feet huntain-righteou of itself being between 4,000 and 5,000 feet.
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Asmoneans
a family of high priests and princes who ruled over the Jews for about 180 years, from 153 B. c., when Jonathan, son of Mattathias, the g great-grandson of Chasmon or Asmonæus, was nominated to the high priesthood. They were also known as the Maccabees.
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Asoka
an Indian sovereign, who reigned 255-223 B. C. over the whole of northern Hindustan, grandson of Chandragupta or Sandracottus. He embraced Buddhism, and forced his subjects also to become converts.
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Aspern
a small village of Austria, on the Danube, about 2 miles from Vienna. Here, and in the neighboring village of Esslingen, were fought the tremendous battles of the 21st and 22d of May, 1809, between the French grand army, commanded by Napoleon, and the Austrians under the Archduke Charles, resulting in great losses to both sides. The French were obliged to retreat to the island of Lobau, from where they withdrew to the right bank of the Danube.
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Asphaltum
This substance resembles pitch, but has a higher internal polish, and is sometimes called mineral-pitch, bitumen, etc.; it breaks with a polish, melts easily, and when pure burns and leaves no ashes. Anciently, it was only procurable from Lake Asphalites (Dead Sea), in Judea, for which reason it is sometimes also called Jews' pitch. It formed a building cement for the Babylonians, and is now much used in flooring, roofing, paving, etc. See PETROLEUM; BITUMEN.
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Aspidium
a genus of ferns belonging to the order polypodiaceæ. There are 10 British species. Some have orbicular eniform involucres fixed by their sinuses, while others have orbicular and peltate involucres. To the former, sometimes former, called lastrea, belong the A. filix mas, or blunt; the A. spiculosum, or prickly toothed; the A. oreopteris, or heath; and the A. thelypteris, or marsh shield fern, with other species more rare; and to the latter, the A. lonchitis, or rough alpine; the A. lobatum, or close-leaved prickly; the A. aculeatum, or soft prickly; the A. angulare, or angular-leaved shield fern. ASPINWALL. See COLON.
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Aspidomancy
A little known form of divination practised in the Indies, as we are told by some travellers. Delancre says that the diviner or sorcerer traces a circle, takes up his position therein seated on a buckler, and mutters certain conjurations. He becomes entranced and falls into an ecstasy, from which he only emerges to tell things that his client wishes to know, and which the devil has revealed to him. Aspilette (Marie d') : Witch of Andaye, in the country of Labour, who lived in the reign of Henry IV. She was arrested at the age of nineteen years, and confessed that she had been led to the "sabbath," and there made to perform divers horrible rites.
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Aspirator
an instrument used in chemistry to draw gases through bottles or other receptacles. It is a tight vessel containing water; a tube with a stop cock extends from the upper end and another tube also with a stop cock from the lower end. The first tube is fastened to the receptacle from which gas is to be drawn; both stop cocks are opened, and the water flowing from the lower tube acts as a suction and draws the gas.
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Asplenium
a genus of ferns, of the natural order polypodiaceæ. Several are natives of the United States. The dwarf spleenwort is a very beautiful little fern.
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Aspromonte
a mountain of Italy, in the S. W. of Calabria, where Garibaldi was wounded and taken prisoner with the greater part of his army, in August, 1862.
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Asrael
the Mohammedan angel of death, who takes the soul from the body.
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Assab Bay
an Italian trading station on the W. coast of the Red Sea, 40 miles N. W. of the Strait of Bab-el- Mandeb. The district around it, with an area of 243 square miles, and 1,300 inhabitants, was sold in 1870 by some Danakil kil chieftains to an Italian steamship company for a coaling station on the road to India. In 1880 it was taken over by the Italian Government, who, since 1884, have improved the harbor and rected a lighthouse.
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Assal
a large salt lake in the district of Adal, in eastern Africa, nearly 9 miles from the coast of the Bay of Tajurrah. It is nearly 600 feet below the level of the sea. Abyssinian caravans resort to Assal for the purpose of carrying off the salt, which is thickly incrusted on its shores.
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