Atonement
in theology, the sacri- the bones of his sons, and described the dreadful revenge which he had taken.
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Single-source entries: A (110)
These 13 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Atonement, Atossa, Atrato.
Atossa
Daughter of Cyrus, and wife successively of her brother Cambyses , of Smerdis the Magian, and of Darius Hystaspis, by whom she became the mother of Xerxes . 2026 Editor's Note: Atossa was the daughter of Cyrus the Great, wife of Darius the Great, and mother of Xerxes the Great. Far from a passive figure, she was a poet and scholar who taught Persian literature and played a direct role in state affairs. During the reign of her son Xerxes, she was the true power behind the throne; Xerxes obeyed her, making her the de facto ruler of the Achaemenid Empire. (Ed: BR 2026-06-10)
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Atrato
a river of Colombia, interesting because it has repeatedly been made to bear a part in schemes for a ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama. Rising on the Western Cordillera at an altitude of 10,560 feet above sealevel, it runs for about 400 miles northward through low, swampy country, and falls by several mouths, interrupted by bars, into the Gulf of Darien. It is navigable by steamers for fully 250 miles, being 750 to 1,000 feet wide, and 8 to 70 feet deep. A route, surveyed by the United States Government in 1871, proposed to connect the Atrato and the Jurador, flowing into the Pacific, by a canal 48 miles long. At the Paris International Congress (1879) for deciding the best route for the interoceanic canal, that route was with various others reiected in favor of Panama. Gold-dust is found in and about the Atrato.
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Atrek
a river of Persia, rising in Khorassan, among the Hazár Masjid Mountains, and thence flowing nearly 350 miles westward to the Caspian Sea, from Shatt downward along the boundary with the Russian Empire.
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Atriplex
a genus of plants belonging to the order chenopodiaceæ (chenopods). Eight species are indigenous, and one or two more partially naturalized, in Great Britain. Of the former may be mentioned the A. laciniata, or frosted sea-orache; the A. babingtoni, or spreading fruited; the A. patulla, or spreading halberd-leaved; the A. angustifolia, or narrow-leaved ora orache; and the A. littoralis, or grass-leaved sea-orache. The leaves may be used as pot herbs.
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Atrium
in ancient times, the hall or principal room in an ancient Roman house. It communicated with the street by the vestibule and the front door. There was in the center of its ceiling a large aperture, called compluvium, im, designed to admit light. Beneath it there was scooped out in the pavement a cistern called impluvium. In a large house, rooms opened into the atrium from all sides, and were lighted from it. In medieval times, till the 12th century, a covered court. After the 12th century, the churchyard.
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Atropa
a genus of plants belonging to the order solanaceæ, or nightshades. It contains the well-known species, A. belladonna, or deadly nightshade. It is three or more feet high, has its ovate leaves paired, large and small together, drooping lurid purple flowers, and blackberries of the size of a small cherry, which if eaten produce delirium, dilation of the pupils of the eyes, and death. The flowers and fruit largely used by the homœopathic school. are both powerful medicinal agents. It is
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Atrophy
a wasting of the flesh due to some interference with the nutritive processes. It may arise from a variety of causes, such as permanent, oppressive and exhausting passions, organic disease, a want of proper food or of pure air. In old age the whole frame except the heart undergoes atrophic change, and it is of frequent occurrence in infancy as a consequence of improper, unwholesome food, exposure to cold, damp or impure air, etc. Single organs or parts of the body may be affected irrespective of the general state of nutrition. line alkaloid obtained from the deadly
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Atropin
or ATROPINE, a crystalnightshade (atropa belladonna). It is very poisonous and produces persistent dilation of the pupil.
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Attalea
a genus of American palms, comprising the piassava palm, which produces coquilla nuts.
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Attalus
the names of three kings of ancient Pergamus, 241- 133 b. c., the last of whom bequeathed his kingdom to the Romans. They were all patrons of art and literature.
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Attar
or OTTO, OF ROSES (oil of roses), an essential oil obtained from the etals of three species of roses, viz., rosa petals centifolia, moschata and damascena. The rose gardens of Ghazipur, in India, have long been famed for the production of this precious liquid. These gardens are large fields, planted with rows of small rose bushes. The blossoms, which unfold in the morning, are all gathered before noon, and their petals are at once transferred to clay stills, and distilled with twice their weight of water. The rose water which comes over is placed in shallow vessels covered with moist muslin to exclude dust, and exposed all night to the cool air. In the morning the thin film of oil which has collected on the top is carefully swept off with a feather and transferred to a small vial. This process is repeated morning after morning, till nearly the whole of the oil is separated from the water. Attar is also imported from Syria, Persia, Turkey, and Bulgaria. It is frequently adulterated with spermaceti and a volatile oil, which appears to be derived from one or more species of andropogon, and which is called oil of gingergrass, or oil of geranium. Pure attar of rose, carefully distilled, is at first colorless, but speedily becomes yellowish. It congeals below 80°; melts at 84°. ATTENTION. See PSYCHOLOGY.
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Atterbury
WILLIAM WAL- LACE, an American railway official, born 6. He gradin New Albany, Ind., in Ind., in 1866. He graduated from Yale University in 1886, and he served as an apprentice in shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad, then became road foreman for various divisions of that line. He was rapidly promoted, becoming general manager of the lines east of Pittsburgh and Erie in 1903, serving until 1909. He was made a vice-president of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1909. In 1917 he was given general charge of the construction and operation of the United States military railroads in France with a commisson of brigadiergeneral. Largely through his efforts this field of operation became highly organized in France and had much to do with the success of the American Expeditionary Force in its campaigns. He was a member of several engineering societies.
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