August Order of Light
An Oriental order introduced into this country in 1882 by Mr. Maurice Vidal Portman. Its object is the development of practical occultism, and it is continued at Bradford, Yorkshire, as The Oriental Order of Light ." It has a ritual of three degrees, Novice, Aspirans, Viator. It adopted Kabalistic forms, and is governed by a Grand Master of the Sacred Crown or Kether of the Kabala.
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August Spirits, the Shelf of the
In the country of Japan, every house has a room set apart, called the spirit chamber, in which there is a shelf or shrine, with tablets bearing the names of the deceased members of the family, with the sole addition of the word Mitama (spirit). This is a species of ancestor worship , and is known as "home" worship.
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Augusta (AGOSTO a fortified city)
or AGOSTO, a fortified city of Sicily, 11 miles N. of Syracuse by rail. It stands on a rocky islet joined by a bridge to a peninsula projecting into the Mediterranean, and is near the site of the Megara Hyblæa of the ancients. The port is spacious, but of rather difficult access. Salt, oil, wine, cheese, fruit, honey, grain, and sardines are exported. Pop. about 16,000. Near it was fought in 1676 a great naval battle between the French under Duquesne, and a Spanish and Dutch fleet under the famous Admiral De Ruyter. The latter was defeated, and received a wound of which he died at Syracuse.
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Augusta (City and county-seat)
city, and county-seat of Richmond co., Ga.; on the Savannah river, and N. W. of Savannah. The site is about numerous railroads; 120 miles 700 feet above sea-level, and the city has an even temperature and a dry, invigorating atmosphere. The city is laid out with broad streets which intersect at right angles, and many of them are beautifully shaded with trees. The city hall is in a park which also contains a granite monument in memory of the Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence, and an imposing monument to the Confederate dead of the State has been erected on Broad street, the principal thoroughfare of the city. The city has several parks, and a United States arse nal, and in the suburbs are Summerville, a noted health resort, the principal cemetery, and attractive fair grounds. Augusta has a large trade in cotton, lumber, fruit and vegetables, but its main importance is in its manufacturing enterprises. The principal industrial plants are cotton mills. The city is the seat of the Medical College of Georgia, and has an orphan asylum, public hospitals, the Louise King Home, a juvenile reformatory, several National and State banks, and several daily and weekly periodicals. Pop. (1910) 41,040; (1920) 52,548.
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Augusta (City capital of the State)
city, capital of the State of Maine, and county-seat of Kennebec co.; on the Kennebec river, and the Maine Central railroad; 63 miles N. E. of Portland. The city is built on both sides of the river on a series of terraces, the principal part being on the W. bank. It was first permanently settled by traders from Massachusetts in 1754; was incorporated under the name of Hallowell, in 1771; was reduced by the setting off of Hallowell in 1797; became the capital of the State in 1831; and received a city charter in 1849. In the State House is the State library, a notable collection of portraits of American statesmen, and, in the rotunda, an impressive array of the Civil War battle flags of the Maine Volunteers. In the principal park is a Soldiers' and Sailors' monument. On the E. side of the river are the State Asylum for the Insane, and United States arsenal. Four miles from Augusta is a National Soldiers' The principal manufactures, Home. which are promoted by an abundant water power, are cotton goods, paper, wood pulp, and lumber. The city is lighted by electricity, and has electric street railways, several National banks, high school, Lithgow Public Library, a number of weekly periodicals, etc. Pop. (1910) 13,211; (1920) 14,114.
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Augusta (Title first given to his wife)
a title first given to his wife Livia, after the death of Augustus, according to the will of the emperor. It was afterward conferred by Claudius on Agrippina (A. D. 51), and by Nero on his wife Poppæa, as well as her daughter (A. D. 64). Eventually it became a common title of the mother, wife, sister, or daughter of an emperor.
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Augusta Victoria
Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein - Sonderburg-Augustenburg, born Oct. 22, 1858; daughter of the late Duke Friedrich; married Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, afterward Wilhelm II., Feb. 27, 1881; became Empress of Germany and Queen of Prussia on the accession of her husband to the thrones in June, 1888. She has borne the former Emperor-King seven children, the former Crown Prince, Friedrich Wilhelm, being born May 6, 1882. She is the author of a book of reminiscences of her travels in Palestine with the former Emperor in 1898. After the Emperor's flight to Holland in November, 1918, she joined him a little later and has since shared his exile.
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Augustinians
or AUGUSTINES, members of several monastic fraternities who follow rules framed by the great St. Augustine or deduced from his writings, of which the chief are the Canons Regular of St. Augustine, or Austin Canons, and the Begging Hermits or Austin Friars. The Austin Canons were introduced into Great Britain about 1100. They took the vows of chastity and poverty, and their habit was a long, black cassock with a white rochet over it. The Austin Friars, originally hermits, went barefooted, and formed one of the four orders of mendicants. An order of nuns had also the name of Augustines. Their garments, at first black, were latterly violet.
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Auld Reekie
an epithet or sobriquet applied to Edinburgh, on account of its smoky appearance as seen from a distance; or, as some say, on account of the former uncleanliness of its public thoroughfares; a reproach now, happily, without relevancy.
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Aulic
name given to a council (the Reichshofrath) in the old German Empire, one of the two supreme courts of the German Empire , the other being the court of the imperial chamber (Reichskammergericht.) The title is now applied in Germany in a general sense to the chief council of any department, political, administrative , judicial, or military .
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