Austin (II)
STEPHEN FULLER, an American pioneer, born in Austinville, Va., Nov. 31, 1793; a son of Moses Austin, the real founder of the State of Texas, who, about 1820, obtained permission from the Mexican Government to establish an American colony in Texas, but died before his plans were accomplished. Stephen took up the work unfinished by by his father, and located a thrifty colony on the site of the present city of Austin, in 1821. Subsequently he was a commissioner to urge the admission of Texas into the Mexican Union; was imprisoned there for several months; and in 1835 was a commissioner to the United States Government to secure the recognition of Texas as an independent State. He died in Columbia, Tex, Dec. 25, 1836.
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Austin (MARY HUNTER an American writer)
MARY HUNTER, an American writer, born in Carlinville, Ill., in 1868. She graduated from Blackburn University in 1888. In 1891 she married Stafford W. Austin. The scenes of her novels are mostly laid in California. She wrote "The Land of Little Rain" (1903); "The Flock" (1906); "The Basket Woman" (1904); "Love and the Soul- Maker" (1914); "The Ford" (1917); etc. She also wrote several plays.
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Austin, Stephen Fuller
Stephen Fuller (1792-1836), a Texan pioneer. From his father, Moses Austin of Connecticut, he inherited a grant from the Mexican government for the settlement of 300 American families somewhere in Texas. This colony Stephen located at what is now the city of Austin, the present capital of the state. When this and other American colonies had received a considerable number of settlers, they met in convention, and sent Austin to Mexico to request permission for the formation of a Mexican state, to be known as Texas. The evasive answer of the Mexican government, Santa Anna's invasion of the country, the siege of the Alamo, and Texan independence are all a part of the history of the Southwest. Austin did much for the new state and may be regarded justly as one of the American founders of empire. See Texas ; Alamo 2026 Editor's Note: Stephen F. Austin is honored as 'the Father of Texas ,' and the state capital bears his name — though his colony actually centered on San Felipe, not the later city. He brought the first American settlers under Mexican grant, then reluctantly led them toward the revolution that made Texas independent in 1836, the year he died. (Ed: BR 2026-07-11)
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Australian Alps
a range of mountains in the S. E. of Australia, formerly part of the Great Dividing Range, stretching from the neighborhood of Melbourne, about 37° 40′ S., 145° 30′ E., to the S. E. of New South Wales, about 35° S., 149° E., over a length of about 400 miles, with a width of about 100 to AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH 352 150 miles. The highest peaks are in New South Wales, and the highest of all, according to Lendenfeld, is the peak called by him Mt. Townshend (7,353 feet), belonging to a group which he calls the Kosciusko group, the latter name having been previously applied to another peak (called Mueller's Peak by Lendenfeld), a few miles to the N. which was long believed to be the highest. The peaks next in height belong to the Bogong group in Victoria, and the W. of the Mitta Mitta, the highest of which is Mt. Bogong (6,508 feet). They do not reach the snow line, though snow lies in the higher valleys all the summer. Volcanic rocks cover the tableland to the S. of Mt. Bogong.
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Austrasia
the name given, under the Merovingians, to the eastern possessions of the Franks, embracing Lorraine, Belgium, and the right bank of the Rhine.
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Authors
BRITISH SOCIETY OF, in Lonan association of authors formed don in 1883, for social and business purposes; has a governing committee of 30 clubmembers; maintains an attractive room and publishes a periodical called "The Author."
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Authors' Club
an American organization founded in New York City in governed by an executive committee is the author of a published book proper work equivalent to such a book, is eligible AUTHORS ' LEAGUE OF AMER- ICA, an organization of authors formed to protect their interests and those of others engaged in the production of books and works of art, especially with gives reference to copyright. The league business advice to its members and provides confidential information in regard to publishers, managers, and others enmaterial gaged in the sale of copyright . ' Allied to the League is the Authors League Fund, which has the object of and furnishing assistance to authors others in temporary financial difficulties. The league holds annual meetings at which questions affecting writers and publishers are discussed.
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Auto-Intoxication
self-poisoning by improper elimination of waste substances from the body. Such substances are at all times being produced and may become highly poisonous by putrefaction, etc., while under certain abnormal conditions it is believed that the body itself elaborates substances which are directly poisonous unless quickly eliminated. The remedy for ordinary auto-intoxication is a healthy diet combined with habits of active exercise.
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Autochthones'
the inhabitants Greek name for the original of a country, not settlers, considered as having sprung from the soil itself. The were fond of being so called; Athenians autochthonthe ancients counted among ous races also the Arcadians, Latins, equiv- Gauls, and Scythians. The Latin alent term was aborigines.
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Autocracy
a word signifying that form of government in which the soverand eign unites in himself the legislative the executive powers of the State, and thus rules uncontrolled. Such a sovereign is, therefore, called an autocrat. Nearly all Eastern governments are of this form. Among European rulers, the Emperor Emperor of Russ Russia alone bore the title of Autocrat, the name indicating his freedom from constitutional restraint of every kind. In point of fact, the peculiar feature of an autocracy is the absence of regular and constitutional limits; it is a strong form of personal rule. AUTO DA FÉ (a'tō dä fā), or AUTO DE FÉ ["Act of Faith," from Latin actus, act, and fides, faith], was, in certain Catholic countries, a solemn day formerly held apart by the Inquisition for the punishment of heretics, and the absolution of accused persons found innocent. Thousands of persons perished in this manner in Spain, Portugal, and their colonies. It was instituted in Spain in 1556, and the first instance occurred in 1560, at Valladolid.
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