Agonic Lines
imaginary lines on the surface of the earth on which the declination of the magnetic needle is zero, i. e. at any point of which the magnetic needle points to the true north or south. There are two such lines, the principal one encircling the earth through the poles, passing through North and South A America, ca, the Antarctic Ocean, Australia, western Asia and Europe, and a smaller one included almost wholly eastern Asia. In America, east of the in agonic line the needle always of true north; west of the line, it points points west of east true north. AGRICULTURAL CREDITS ACT. (See UNITED STATES, 1922-23).
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Agram
capital of the former Hungarian crownland of Croatia-Slavonia, lies at the foot of a richly wooded range of mountains, about 2 miles from the Save, and 142 miles N. E. of Fiume by rail. It is divided into three parts-the upper town, built upon two eminences; the lower tow town; and the episcopal town. The cathedral, sida dating partly from the 11th century, is one of the finest Gothic buildings in Austria. Ninety per cent. of the inhabitants are Croats, who carry on a trade in wine, wood, and corn, and manufacture tobacco, leather, and linen. Repeated shocks of earthquake, in November, 1880, and again in December, 1901, did serious damage to the city's buildings. Agram possesses a university, founded in 1874, numerous secondary schools and libraries. Pop. about 85,000. AGRAM NATIONAL COUNCIL. In November, 1918, after the armistice had been signed and the Hapsburg Empire was rapidly disintegrating, representa tives of the Jugoslav provinces formerly under Austro-Hungarian control met in a National Council at Agram. They unanimously voted for the union of all these provinces with Serbia and Montenegro and chose Crown Prince Alexander of Serbia as Regent of the new state whose official name was fixed as the "Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes."
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Agrarian Laws
in the ancient Roman republic, were laws of which the most important were those carried by C. Licinius Stolo, when tribune of the people, in B. C. 367. The second rogation, among other enactments, provided (1) (1) that no one should occupy more than 500 jugera (by one calculation, about 280, and by another, 333, English acres) of the public lands, or have more than 100 large, and 500 small, cattle grazing upon them; (2) that such portion of the public lands above 500 jugera as was in possession of individuals should be divided among all the plebeians, in lots of seven jugera, as property; (3) that the occupiers of public land were bound to employ free laborers, in a certain fixed proportion to the extent of their occupation. When, at a later period, efforts were made to revive the Licinian rogations, such opposition was excited that the two Gracchi lost their lives in consequence, and this, with their other projects, proved abortive.
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Agrarian Party
a political organization in Germany, representing the interests of the landlords (in political life). The first steps toward the formation of the party were taken by an assembly, called together at Breslau, in May, 1869. Their programme was especially devoted to the abolition of taxes on land, buildings and trades. The Agrarian party took an important share in opposing commercial relations with the United States, especially in foodstuffs.
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Agreement
a mutual bargain, contract, or covenant. Every state has particular laws on this important matter. It may, however, be noticed as general rule: (1) That the assent is the essence of an agreement, and that the parties must be in situations to testify their free assent to it. Thus lunatics, infants, and, in certain cases, married women, are, for obvious reasons, deemed incapable of binding themselves by any engagement. (2) That the subject of agreement must not be tainted with illegality. (3) In order to secure the aid of the law in carrying it into effect, an agreement must have certain qualities mutually beneficial to the parties, or must be entered into with certain prescribed solemnities. Courts of justice cannot be called upon to take cognizance of idle or inconsiderate promises. An agreement must either be contracted by a formal instrument in writing, sealed and openly acknowledged by the party who has bound itself to it; or, if contracted in a less formal manner, by word or otherwise, it must appear that the parties derive from it reciprocal benefit.
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Agricultural Chemistry
that department of chemistry which treats of the composition of soils, manures, plants, etc., with the view of improving practical agriculture. The science is comparatively young. The first steps were taken by the experimental investigations in the life processes of plants, by Hales, in 1727, and also by Ingenhousz, whose work on "Experiments upon Vegetables" was published in London, in 1779, and by Saussure, whose work appeared in Paris, in 1804. In 1813, Sir Sir H Humphry Davy published his "Elements of Agricultural Chemistry," and he is considered among the English as the founder of the science. Comparatively little, however, was done in the matter until Liebig, in 1840, published his "Organic Chemistry, in Its Relation to Agriculture and Physiology," which was regarded as an epochmaking work. Since then great strides have been taken in this science. The most important bases of agricultural chemistry to-day are the experimental stations which are found in agricultural colleges, and in many of the universities in the United States and elsewhere.
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Agrippa
A son of Aristobulus, grandson of the great Herod. He was popular with the Jews, and it is said that while they were flattering him with the appellation of god he was struck with death, A. D. 43. His son of the same name was with Titus at the siege of Jerusalem, and died A. D. 94. It was before him that St. Paul pleaded. There were a number of others of the same name, but of less celebrity.
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Agrippina
Daughter of M. Vipsanius Agrippa and of Julia, the daughter of Augustus, married Germanicus, by whom she had nine children, among whom were the emperor Caligula , and Agrippina, the mother of Nero. She was distinguished for her virtues and heroism, and shared all the dangers of her husband's campaigns.
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