Adrastus
Son of Talaus and Lysimache, was king of Argos. He received Polynices , when the latter had been expelled from his native Thebes by his brother Eteocles , and gave him his daughter Argia in marriage. He then collected an army, with the assistance of six other heroes-Polynices, Tydeus, Amphiaraus, Capaneus, Hippomedon, and Parthenopaeus-and marched against Thebes, in order to drive out Eteocles, and restore the kingdom to Polynices. The expedition, however, ended as disastrously as Amphiaraus had predicted, and all the heroes were killed, except Adrastus, who escaped through the swiftness of his horse, Arion . This expedition was made the subject of a drama, by Aeschylus , "The Seven against Thebes." Ten years later Adrastus induced the six sons of the heroes who had fallen in the war to make a new attack upon Thebes. This war was known as the war of the Epigonois. It was entirely successful, and Thebes was taken and razed to the ground. Aegialeus, the son of Adrastus, was killed in this war, and Adrastus is said to have died of a broken heart, on his return to
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Adrenal Enalin
the active principle of the adrenal glands. It is the most powerful astringent used and was discovered in 1901. It occurs as a light brown powder having a bitter taste.
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Adria
in the province of Rovigo, northern Italy, is one of the oldest cities in Europe. So late as the 12th century A. D., it was a flourishing harbor on the Adriatic Sea. It still retains several interesting remains of Etruscan and Roman antiquity, with a fine cathedral. Pop. about 20,000.
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Adrian (City and county-seat)
city and county-seat of Lenawee co., Mich.; on the Raisin river, and the Wabash, the Lake Shore, and the Toledo and Western railroads; 30 miles N. W. of Toledo, O. It is the seat of Adrian College (Methodist Protestant), the State Industrial Home for Girls, and St. Joseph's Hospital and Academy (Roman Catholic), and has important manufactures and a large farming trade. Pop. (1910) 10,763; (1920) 11,878.
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Adrian College
a coeducational institution of higher education Adrian, Mich., founded in 1852. students number about 200 and the fac- Greece. ulty about 25. The property is valued at about $250,000. The library contains about 10,000 volumes. The president for 1919 was E. W. Anthony, D. D. ADRIANOPLE (Turkish, Edirné; Bulgarian, Odrin), formerly the third city of European Turkey, stands on the navigable Maritza (the ancient Hebrus), 198 miles W. N. W. of Constantinople by rail. The city has upward of 80,000 inhabitants, of whom about half are Turks. The splendid mosque of Selim II., the palace, and the immense bazaar of Ali Pasha, may be named as its principal features. It has a silk factory, and a considerable trade in attar of roses and wine. Founded or greatly improved by the Emperor Hadrian, Adrianople was the seat of the Ottoman sultanate from 1366 to 1453. In the Balkan War of 1912-1913, Aarianople, after a stubborn defense of five months, was surrendered to the Balkan allies, March 26, 1913. By the Treaty of London, May 30, 1913, it was ceded to Bulgaria, but in the war that ensued between the former allies, the Turks reoccupied the city, July 20, 1913. By By the Treaty of Constantinople, Sept. 29, 1913, Bulgaria formally restored Adrianople to Turkey. During the World War the city was raided many times by enemy 4-Vol. I-Cyc airplanes. As a result of the Peace in Treaty with Turkey, Adrianople was The lost to Turkey and became part of
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Adrianople
Eastern Thrace. Reoccupied by the Turks, October, 1922, in accordance with the terms of the Mudania armistice following the victory of the Turkish Nationalists over the Greeks in Asia Minor.
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Adriatic
ad-re-at'ik, or Gulf of Venice, an arm of the Mediterranean, lying between Italy and Greece. It is 500 miles in length. Geologically it is a continuation of the valley of the Po, which here sinks beneath the surface of the sea. The name is derived from the city of Adria, once a native port, but now fifteen miles inland. The intervening distance has been filled up by silt carried down into the sea by the Po. The coasts of the Adriatic near the Po are low, swampy, fertile, and populous. Elsewhere the Italian, Turkish, and Grecian coasts are precipitous and rocky. They are provided with few good harbors, compared with the coasts of the Aegean. Hence the two peninsulas stand "back to back." They had little early intercourse. Before the discovery of a route around the Cape of Good Hope, the Adriatic and its port, Venice, formed the chief pathway of the world's sea commerce. See Venice ; Mediterranean
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Adullam
one of the cities of the plain, in the tribe of Judah, fortified by King Rehoboam. The Cave of Adullam, where David hid when pursued by the Philistines, was probably The international association was formed near the Dead Sea.
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Adultery
unlawful intercourse between two married persons not standing to each other in the relation of husband and wife, or between a married person and another unmarried. In the former case, it has been called double, and in the latter, single adultery. Adultery is considered in England a ground for total divorce. In the United States there is a wide diversity in the laws relating to this offense. In some States it has been made a crime, while, in others, civil proceedings are allowed substantially similar to those of the English law.
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Advancement of Science
AS- SOCIATION FOR THE, an association of scientific men of the United States, Great Britain, France, and other countries. Its purpose is to place emphasis upon the unity of workers in all branches of science and to give a stronger impulse to scientific work, both practical and theoretical. The society publishes "Reports" and offers special facilities for carrying on original and difficult scientific work. in 1889 and the first meeting was held in Paris in the following year. The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1847. It is organized in 11 sections, each of which holds its convention at the annual meeting of the association held during the summer. The sections include those of mathematics and astronomy, physics, chemistry, mechanical science and engineering, geology and geography, zoölogy, botany, anthropology and psychology, social and economic science, physiology and experimental medicine, and education. The membership is about 8,000. Similar national associations exist in Great Britain, France, South Africa, Australia, and other countries.
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