Abancay
a district of Peru, in the department of Cuzco. The plains produce rich crops of sugar cane and the principal cereals. The mountains afford gold and silver, and pasturage for large herds of cattle. The chief town is Abancay, 50 miles from Cuzco.
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Abano Bagni
a town in the prov ince of Padua, Italy, 29 miles from Venice. It is visited by invalids for the benefit of its hot sulphur springs, which were well known to the ancients as Fontes Aponi. Pop. about 6,000.
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Abarim
the range of highlands, or mountains, to the E. of the Jordan, in the land of Moab. The highest point is Mount Nebo, where Moses is supposed to have died. ABATTOIR. See PACKING INDUSTRY.
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Abaris
A Scythian, high priest of Apollo, and renowned magician. In so flattering a manner did he chant the praises of Apollo, his master, that the god gave him a golden arrow, on which he could ride through the air like a bird, so that the Greeks called him the Aerobate. Pythagoras, his pupil, stole this arrow from him, and accomplished many wonderful feats by its aid. Abaris foretold the future, pacified storms, banished disease, and lived without eating or drinking. He made with the bones of Pelops, a statue of Minerva, which he sold to the Trojans as a talisman descended from heaven. This was the famous Palladium , which protected and rendered impregnable the town wherein it was lodged.
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Abas
Twelfth king of Argos, son of Lynceus and Hypermnestra , grandson of Danaus, and father of Acrisius and Proetus . When he informed his father of the death of Danaus, he was rewarded with the shield of his grandfather, which was sacred to Hera ( Juno ). This shield performed various marvels, and the mere sight of it could reduce a revolted people to submission.
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Abattoir
. See Packing House
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Abbas Pasha Hilmi
Khedive of Egypt, born in 1874, oldest son of the Khedive Mehemet-Tewfik. He studied at the Theresianum at Vienna. On his father's death in 1892 he became Khedive. In 1893 he dismissed four of his ministers, but Lord Cromer interfered and he agreed to follow England's recommendations in all important matters. At the outbreak of the World War, the Khedive was the guest of the Sultan at Constantinople. On Dec. 18, 1914, the British Foreign Office announced a protectorate over Egypt. In a proclamation issued the following day, Abbas Hilmi was referred to as "lately Khedive of Egypt, who had adhered to the King's enemies" and it was declared that he had been deposed. The title of Khedive was abolished and that of Sultan was substituted. See EGYPT.
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Abbassides
the name of a dynasty who possessed the caliphate for 524 years. There were 37 caliphs of this dynasty who succeeded one another without interruption. They claimed descent from Abbas, the uncle of Mohammed. The most famous caliphs of this dynasty were Almansur and Harun -al-Rashid. The last Abbasside to be caliph at Bagdad was Mustasim, who was put to death by Hulaku Khan, a Mongolian ruler of Persia, in 1258.
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Abbazia
a famous health resort on the Gulf of Quarnero ( Adriatic Sea), about 10 miles W. of Fiume. The permanent population is only about 2,500, mostly Croats. About 40,000 40, visitors frequent it annually. ABBÉ (äb-ā'), originally the French name for an abbot, bu but often used in the general sense of a priest or clergyman. an Amer-
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Abbe
CLEVELAND, ican meteorologist; born in New York City, Dec. 3, 1838, he was director of the Cincinnati Observatory from 1868 to 1873. Since 1871 he has prepared the official weather forecasts and storm warnings issued from Washington and in 1891 was appointed meteorologist of the U. S. Weather Bureau . He was instrumental in greatly advancing the science of meteorology and was honored by numerous institutions of learning and science. He published several important books on meteorology and allied subjects. He died in 1916.
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Abbeville
a city of France, capital of the arrondissement of the same name (department of the Somme), situated on both sides of the river Somme , 12 miles above its mouth. It is one of the most thriving manufacturing towns in France. Besides black cloths of the best quality, there are produced velvets, cottons, linens, serges, sackings, hosiery, packthread, jewelry , soaps, glasswares , etc. Its most interesting building is church of St. Wolfram, begun in 1488, one of the richest existing examples of the flamboyant style. Pop. about 20,000. ABBEY. See MONASTERY.
town and county-seat of Abbeville co., S. C., on the Southern and the Seaboard Air Line railroads; 106 miles W. by N. W. of Columbia , the State capital. It is in a rich, cotton-growing region; is noted for its fine climate , which makes it a popular resort for Northern invalids, and has a National bank, excellent public schools, and several large manufactories connected with 2-Vol. I--Cyc the cotton industry. Pop. (1910) 4,459; (1920) 4,570.
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Abbot
the superior of a monastery of monks erected into an abbey or priory. the principal distinction observed between abbots are those of regular and commendatory. The former take the vow and wear the habit of their order: whereas the latter are seculars, who have received tonsure, but are obliged by their bulls to take orders when of proper age. Other distinctions also arose among abbots when abbeys were flourishing in Europe; as, mitered, those privileged to wear the miter and exercise episcopal authority within their respective precincts; crosiered, so named from their carrying the crosier, or pastoral staff; ecumenical, such as exercised universal dominion; and cardinal, from their superiority over all others.
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Abbotsford
the home of Sir Walter Scott, situated on the S. bank of the Tweed, and a few miles above Melrose. It takes its name from a ford formerly used by the monks of Melrose.
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Abdal-Malek
or ABDULMELECH, the son of Mirvan, and the fifth caliph of the race of the Ommiades. In his reign the Indies were conquered in the East, and his armies penetrated Sp Spain in the West; he likewise extended his empire toward the South by making himself master of Medina and Mecca. He began his reign in the 65th year of the Hegira, A. D. 684; reigned 25 years and four of his sons successively enjoyed the caliphate.
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