Alagoas
a maritime state of the republic of Brazil, bounded on the N. and W. by Pernambuco. The country is mountainous in the N. W., and low, marshy and unhealthy on the coast. The chief productions are the sugar-cane, cotton plant, manioc or cassava, ipecacuanha, maize, rice, etc., and also timber and dye-woods. Pop. (1917) 946,617. The town of Alagoas, once the capital, pop. about 50,000. The present capital is the port of Maceio.
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Alajuela
a city of of Costa Rica, Central America, 23 miles W. N. W. of Cartago. The same name is used for a state. Pop. (1917) state, 109,- 063; city, 6,481.
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Alalcomenae
An ancient town of Boeotia , east of Coronea, with a temple of Athena (Minerva), who is said to have been born in the town, and who was hence called Alalcomeneis.
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Alamanni
or ALEMANNI, LUIGI (äl-ä-mä'në), an Italian poet and diplc matist, born in Florence, on Oct. 25, 1495. In 1522 he took part in a conspiracy against Cardinal Giulio de Medici, and after its discovery, fled to France, where he found protection with François I. In 1527 he reappeared in Florence, endeavored to obtain the protection of the emperor for the republic, but was compelled to flee the city. The Medici, on their return in 1532, declared him a rebel. He went back to France, where he served as ambassador for François I. to Henry II. He wrote "La Cultivazione” (1533), a book about agriculture. He also wrote love songs, epigrams, satires, comedies, translations, and various other things. He died April 18, 1556.
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Alameda
coextensive city and township in Alameda co., Cal.; on San Bay Francisco and the Southern Pacific railway; 11 miles E. S. E. of San Francisco. It is the seat of the College of Notre Dame (Roman Catholic); a popular summer resort, and the place of residence of many San Francisco business men. It has a State bank, electric light and street railway plants, the largest borax works in the world, extensive potteries, oil refineries, and ship-building yards. Pop. (1910) 23,383; (1920) 28,- 806.
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Alaria
a genus of sea-weeds belonging to the order fucaceæ, or sea-wracks, and the tribe luminaridæ. One species, alaria esculenta, called by the Scotch balderlocks, is used for food in Ireland, Scotland, Iceland, Denmark, and the Faroë Isles.
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Alaricus
A famous king of the Goths who plundered Rome in the reign of Honorius . He was greatly respected for his valor, and during his reign he kept the Roman empire in continual alarm. He died after a reign of twelve years, A. D. 410. He was buried in the bed of a river which had been turned from its course for the reception of his corpse, in order that it might be said that no one should tread on the earth where he reposed. The circumstance is thus alluded to by one of our own poets: "But ye the mountain stream shall turn, And lay its secret channel bare, And hollow, for your sovereign's urn, A resting-place for ever there; "Then bid its everlasting springs Flow back upon the king of kings; And never be the secret said Until the deep give up its dead."
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Alarm
The mechanism attached to a timepiece by which at any desired time a hammer strikes rapidly on a bell for several seconds. Generally a weight or spring actuates an escape wheel, to the pallet staff of which a hammer is fixed to act on a bell. The alarm is usually set off by a wire attached to the hour wheel lifting a detent that stops the escape wheel.
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Alary (François)
A visionary, who had printed at Rouen in 1701, The Prophecy of Count Bombaste, (Chevalier de la of Paracelsus , (published in 1609 on the birth of Louis the Great.)
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Alastor
A cruel demon, who, according to Wierius, filled the post of chief executioner to the monarch of Hades. The conception of him somewhat resembles that of Nemesis. Zoroaster is said to have called him " The Executioner." Others confound him with the destroying angel. Evil genies were formerly called Alastors. Plutarch says that Cicero, who bore a grudge against Augustus, conceived the plan of committing suicide on the emperor's hearth, and thus becoming his Alastor.
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Alban
ST., the first Christian martyr in Great Britain, lived in the 3d century. After having served years as a soldier under the Emperor Diocletian, he returned to Britain, embraced Christianity, and suffered martyrdom in the great persecution of Diocletian.
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Alban's
ST., a small and ancient Hertfordshire, 20 borough of England, miles N. N. W. of London, by the London and Northwestern railway. It is the ancient Roman Verulamium. The abbey church was built in 796, in honor of St. Alban, by the King Offa. Of this first abbey there remains but a gateway. The present abbey is an object worthy the attention of the antiquarian and the student of architecture. It is built in the form of a cross, running 547 feet from east to west, and having a breadth of 206 feet, at the intersection of the transept. Ev Every style of architecture, from the time of the Romans to that of Henry VII., may be traced in it. Near the town of St. Alban's, two battles were fought between the houses of York and Lancaster. In the first, May 22, 1455, Richard, Duke of York, obtained a victory over Henry VI. In the second, Feb. 2, 1461, Margaret of Anjou de feated the army of the Yorkists, commanded by Warwick.
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Albano
a town of Italy, 18 miles S. S. E. of Rome, on the declivity of the lava-walls which encompass Lake Albano, and opposite the site of Alba Longa. There are numerous remains of ancient buildings, including an aqueduct. A valuable wine is made here. Pop. about 10,000. The ALBAN LAKE, or LAGO DI CASTELLO, is formed in the basin of an extinct volcano, and has a circumference of 6 miles, with a depth of 530 feet. Its surface is 961 feet above the sea-level. While the Romans were at war with Veii (390 b. c.), this lake rose to an extraordinary height in the heat of summer, and diviners declared that the conquest of Veii depended upon letting off the waters of the lake. Hereupon the Romans opened a tunnel through the lava-walls which still remains and still fulfills its ancient office, is a mile in length, with a height of 7 feet, and a width of 4 feet. On the eastern bank of the lake rises Monte Cavo, the ancient Mount Albanus, 3,000 feet high.
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