Alectorius
This stone is about the size of a bean, clear as crystal, sometimes with veins the colour of flesh. It is said to be taken from the cock's stomach. It renders its owner courageous and invincible, brings him wealth, assuages thirst, and makes the husband love his wife, or, as another author has it, "makes the woman agreeable to her husband." But its most wonderful property is, that it helps to regain a lost kingdom and acquire a foreign one. “
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Alembert
a-lon-ber', Jean d', written also D'Alembert (1717-1783), a noted French scholar. He was a native of Paris. His mother, a court beauty, but an unmarried woman of fashion and lax morals, left him when a babe on the steps of a church. He was found by the police and given to a glasscutter's wife. When he became famous, his real mother made herself known; but Alembert repulsed her with the words, "I know but one mother, the glazier's wife." Alembert wrote the mathematical articles, the introduction, and many biographical sketches for the famous French encyclopedia. In 1722 he was made secretary of the French Academy. He represented the views of Voltaire and his friends. Among investigations of popular interest conducted by Alembert are those which relate to the theory of winds and the precession of the equinoxes . 2026 Editor's Note: D'Alembert co-edited, with Diderot , the great French Encyclopédie — the Enlightenment's monument and the distant ancestor of reference works like this very one. His name still attaches to a principle of mechanics and to the wave equation every physics student meets. (Ed: BR 2026-07-02)
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Aleppo
a city of Turkey in Asia, in northern Syria, on the Koeik river, 71 miles E. of the Mediterranean. The ALEPPO foundation of Aleppo dates back to about 2,000 years B. C. Its first name was Khaleb, which the Greeks called Chlybon. After the fall of Palmyra, it became of great importance. Seleucos Nikator beautified the city city and called it Beroyia, which name it bore till its conquest by the Arabs; then the name was Haleb, which the Italians called Aleppo. It was conquered by the Saracens in 636; was the seat of a Seljuk sultanate in the 11th and 12th centuries; was plundered by Timur in 1402; in the 15th century became the great emporium of trade between Europe and Asia; was taken by the Turks in 1517; and was nearly destroyed by an earthquake in 1822, when it lost two-thirds of its 250,000 inhabitants. The present inhabitants are Turks, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews. In spite of the earthquakes and insurrections, which devastated the city, there is now a great trade there. The chief exports are apples, dyestuffs, cotton, tobacco, wheat, nuts, oil, etc. Pop. about 250,000. It was occupied by British forces in 1918.
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Alessandria
city and capital of the province of Alessandria, Italy; on the river Tanaro. It was built in 1168 for protection against Emperor Frederick I. Its original name, Cæsarea, was changed to Alessandria in honor of Pope Alexander III. It was taken by Sforza, Duke of Milan, in 1522, by Prince Eugene in 1707, and ceded to Savoy in 1713 by the Peace of Utrecht. By the armistice of Alessandria, after the battle of Marengo (1800), all of north Italy as far as the Mincio was ceded to France. It was taken by the Austrians in 1821, and became the headquarters of the Piedmontese in the insurrection of 1848-1849. The richly decorated cathedral was rebuilt in 1823. Pop. about 72,500. The province has an area of 1,980 square miles. Pop. about 900,000. A considerable trade is conducted in linen, silk, and woolen stuffs, hats, and artificial flowers. ALEUTIAN (a-lū'shi-an) ISLANDS, or CATHERINE ARCHIPELAGO, a group of about 150 islands, extending W. from Alaska peninsula for a distance of 1,650 miles; belongs to Alaska Territory. The principal islands are Umnak and Unalaska. The inhabitants are nearly all Aleuts, a people allied to the Eskimos. These islands were discovered by Bering in 1728. Pop. about 3,000.
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Alexander I
King of Jugoslavia (Serb, Croat and was born December 4, 1888, the second Slovene State). He son of Peter I, King of Serbia ceeded to the throne of Jugoslavia at the . He sucdeath of his father, August 16, 1921, and took oath to the constitution on November 6, 1921. On June 8, 1922, he married Marie, second daughter of Ferdinand I , King of Rumania.
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Alexander of Tralles
A physician born at Tralles in Asia Minor , in the sixth century, very learned, and with a leaning towards medico-magical practice. He prescribed for his patients amulets and charmed words, as, for instance, when he says in his Practice of Medicine that the figure of Hercules strangling the Nemean lion, graven on a stone and set in a ring, was an excellent cure for colic. He also claimed that charms and philacteries were efficacious remedies for gout, fevers, etc.
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Alexander Severus
a Roman emperor, born in 205 A.D.; was the cousin and adopted son of Heliogabalus, whom he succeeded in 222. He sought the society of the learned; Paulus and Ulpianus were his counselors; Plato and Cicero were, next to Horace and Vergil, his favorite authors. Although a pagan, he reverenced the doctrines of Christianity. Beloved as he was by the citizens on account of his equity, he soon became an object of hatred to the unruly prætorian guards. His first expedition (231-233) against Artaxerxes, King of Persia, was terminated by a speedy overthrow of the enemy; but during one which he undertook in 234 against the Germans on the Rhine an insurrection broke out among his troops, headed by Maximus, in which Alexander was murdered (235).
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Alexander's Feast
an ode for St. Cecilia's day, written by John Dryden in 1697. See Dryden 2026 Editor's Note: Dryden's ode became one of Handel 's popular choral works (1736), and its theme — music's power to sway the passions from fury to pity — made it a favorite text for composers and a set-piece of the choral repertoire. (Ed: BR 2026-07-02)
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Alexandria (City of Louisana)
a city of Louisana, the county-seat of Rapides parish, about 192 miles N. W. of New Orleans. It is on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, the Louisiana and Arkansas, the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern, and other railroads. It is also on the Red river. The city is the center of important commercial and industrial interests, has manufactures of cotton, cottonseed oil, sugar, molasses, and lumber, and is also important as an agricultural center, producing corn, rice, fruit, and vegetables. The city has a handsome Government building, public library, Elks' Home, and an opera house. Pop. (1910) 11,213; (1920) 17,510.
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