Amaurosis
a disease of the eye, arising from impaired sensibility of the retina. Amaurosis arises from inflammation or turgescence of the retina, from derangement of the digestive organs, from exercise of the eye on minute objects, and from injury or disease of the fifth nerve or its branches, or from injury of the eye itself.
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Amazons
a legendary nation of female warriors, reputed to live somewhere in Asia Minor . The men were left at home in a domestic capacity. The women cut off the right breast that it might not interfere with the use of the bow, and went to war. Under their queen, Penthesilea, they marched to the relief of Troy. The battles of the Amazons were a favorite subject with the Greek sculptor. It is not considered complimentary to call a woman an Amazon--too masculine. In pacifying their African possession of Dahomey, the French encountered really formidable forces of women warriors. They are spoken of as the Amazons of Dahomey.
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Amber Cement
For cementing amber and meerschaum, make a thick cream of finely powdered quicklime and white of egg, apply with a camel's hair brush, dry slowly and scrape off surplus after thoroughly dry.
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Amblyopsis
a bony fish, found in the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, and interesting as illustrating in the rudimentary condition of its eyes the effects of darkness and consequent disuse. It only measures a few inches in length, is colorless its small eyes covered by the skin. It seems , and has able, however, to hear acutely, and the wrinkles of skin on its head are regarded as special feeling organs. Wholly blind fishes are found only in the unsunned ocean depths.
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Amboise
a French_town in the department ent of Indre-et-Loire, on the Loire, 15 miles by rail E. of Tours. It lies in a region rich in vineyards. The town is memorable for the Huguenot conspiracy (1560), which cost the lives of 1,200 Protestants, and as the place whence was issued the Edict of Amboise (1563), conceding certain privileges to the Huguenots. The castle of Amboise, from 1431, was a frequent residence of the Valois kings; the birth and death place of Charles VIII. Pop. about 5,000.
GEORGE D', a French Cardinal, and Minister of State, born in 1460. He became successively Bishop of Montauban, Archbishop of Narbonne, and of Rouen. Louis XII. made him He reformed the Prime Minister. Church, remitted the people's burdens, and conscientiously labored to promote the public happiness. Died in 1510.
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Amboyna
AMBOINA, APON, or THAU, most important the of the Moluccas or Spice Islands belonging to the Dutch, lies S. W. of Ceram, and N. W. of Banda. Area, 265 square miles. Population about 40,000, nearly a third Mohammedans. A bay runs into the island lengthy lengthwise , forming two peninsulas, the northern called Hitu, and the southern Leitimor. Amboyna is and mountainous, well watered, fertile, le, healthy. Clove, sago, mango, and cocoanut trees are abundant, also fine timber for cabinet work. The Dutch took Amboyna from the Portuguese in 1605. The British settlement was destroyed by the Dutch in the terrible Amboyna massacre of 1623, for which, in 1654, Cromwell exacted compensation. The British held the island, 1796-1802. It finally became Dutch in 1814. Amboyna, capital of the Dutch Moluccas, is situated on the N. W. shore of Leitimor, on the Bay of Amboyna, and has a good roadstead. The government buildings are in Fort Victoria.
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Ambracia
A city of Epirus, the residence of King Pyrrhus . Augustus, after the battle of Actium, called it Nicopolis. Lord Byron thus alludes to it in the second canto of "Childe Harold": "Ambracia's gulf behold, where once was lost A world for woman, lovely, harmless thing! In yonder rippling bay, their naval host Did many a Roman chief and Asian king To doubtful conflict, certain slaughter bring."
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Ambridge
a borough of Pennsylvania, in Beaver co., about 16 miles N. W. of Pittsburgh. It is on the Pennsylvania railroad and the Ohio river. It is an important nt industrial center having having manufactures of bridges, metal moldings, and tubes. Pop. (1910) 5,205; (1920) 12,730.
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Ambriz
a seaport and region in the Portuguese colony of Angola, on the coast of Old Guinea, at the mouth of the Loje. The official name is Oporto do Ambriz or Mbrish. It has a number of factories and a trade in India rubber, coffee, and palm oil. Its former trade in ivory is now transferred to Nokki and other places on the Kongo.
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Ambrose
ST., a celebrated father of the Church; born in 333 or 334 A. D., probably at Treves, where his father was prefect; died in 397. He was educated at Rome, studied law, practiced as a pleader at Milan, and, in 369, was appointed governor of Liguria and Æmilia (north Italy). His kindness and wisdom gained him the esteem and love of the people, and, in 374, he was unanimously called to the bishopric of Milan, though not yet baptized. For a time he refused to accept this dignity, but he had to give way, and at once ranged himself against the Aryans. In his struggle against the Aryan heresy he was opposed by Justina, mother of Valentinian II., and for a time by the young Emperor himself, together with the courtiers and the Gothic ether troops. Backed by the people of Milan, however, he felt strong enough to deny the Aryans the use of a single church in the city. He had also to carry on a war with paganism, Symmachus, the prefect of the city, an eloquent orator, having endeavored to restore the worship of heathen deities. In 390, on account of the ruthless massacre at Thessalonica, ordered by the Emperor Theodosius, he refused him entrance into the church of Milan. He wrote Latin hymns, introduced the Ambrosian chant, and compiled a form of ritual known by his name.
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Amduscias
Grand Duke of Hades. He has, according to Wierius (q.v.), the form of a unicorn, but when evoked, appears in human shape. He gives concerts, at the command of men, where one hears the sound of all the musical instruments but can see nothing. It is said that the trees themselves incline to his voice. He commands twentynine legions.
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