Andree, Salomon Auguste
Salomon Auguste (1854-), a Swedish scientist. Born in Grenna, October 18, 1854. He received a thorough technical education, and was a professor in the University of Stockholm from 1886 to 1889. In 1892 the Swedish Academy of Sciences made him a special grant for the purpose of experimenting in aerial navigation. In 1895 he laid before the academy a plan for seeking the north pole by means of a balloon. A grant of $40,000 was raised at once by popular subscription. He constructed an immense balloon sixtyseven feet in diameter, with a capacity of 170,000 cubic feet. July 11, 1897, Andree started north from Dane's Island, Spitzbergen, with two companions. While in sight, his balloon traveled at from twelve to fifteen miles an hour, which should have brought him to the pole in about six days. Two days after he left, a carrier pigeon returned with a message to the effect that at noon, July 13th, the daring navigators were in latitude 82.2 deg, longitude 15.5 deg. east, and were making excellent progress. Though several expeditions have been sent out to search for them, nothing has been heard or seen of either Andree, his companions, or the balloon. See Arctic Regions ; Balloon
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Andrew, Saint
Saint, one of the twelve apostles. He was noted for good sense and a meditative disposition. The principal allusions to Andrew are John i: 40; John vi: 8; John xii: 22; Mark xiii: 3. Tradition has it that he preached the gospel in the countries north of Greece, and that he suffered martyrdom on the cross. The Russians consider him the founder of their church. St. Andrew is the tutelary saint of Scotland, as are St. George for England and St. Patrick for Ireland. Saint Andrew's day, November 30, is observed in the Roman, Greek, and Anglican churches. The silver cross of St. Andrew, carried by the Scots to battle, had the form of the letter X on a blue ground. Saint Andrews, a city in Fifeshire, is noted as the seat of a Scottish university and as a center of the manufacture of golf clubs and balls. See Scotland
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Andrews
IRENE OSGOOD (Mrs John B. Andrews), an American social worker, born in Big Rapids, Mich., in 1879. She studied at the University of Wisconsin and at the New York School of Philanthropy, carried on social work in Minneapolis, and was special agent for relief work for the American Red Cross in San Francisco in 1906. In the same year she became factory inspector for Wisconsin and was ap appointed head resident of the Northwestern University Settlement. She was a member of many economic societies and wrote "Minimum Wage Legislation," "Economic Effects of the War Upon Women and Children in Great Britain," etc. She lectured extensively on labor and economic topics.
ELISHA BENJAMIN, an American educator, born in Hinsdale, N. H., Jan. 10, 1844; he was graduated at Brown University, 1870, and Newton Theological Seminary, 1874; President of Brown University in 1889-1898; became Superintendent of Public Schools in Chicago in 1898, and Chancellor of the University of Nebraska in 1900; author of a "History of the United States," "An Honest Dollar: a Plea for Bimetallism," etc. He died in 1917.
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Andreyev
LEONID, a Russian author, born at Oryol, Russia, 1871. He received his education at the gymnasium at Oryol and St. Petersburg University. LEONID ANDREYEV He early turned his attention to literature and speedily achieved an international reputation. His writing was brilliant, but marked by the morbidity characteristic of the Russian school. Among his wellknown works may be mentioned "Red Laughter," "Life of Man," and "Anathema." He died suddenly in Finland in February, 1919, from excitement, caused by a Bolshevist raid in the vicinity of his residence.
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Androdamas
Androdamas resembles the diamond, and is said Angels to be found in the sands of the Red Sea, in squares or dies. Its name denotes the virtue belonging to it, namely, to restrain anger, mitigate lunacy, and lessen the gravity of the body.
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Android
A man made by other means than the natural mode of reproduction. The automaton attributed to Albertus Magnus , which St. Thomas destroyed with his stick because its answers to his questions puzzled him, was such an android. Some have attempted to humanize a root called the mandrake, which bears a fantastic resemblance to a human being. (See Mandragora.) 66 " 66
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Andros
an island of the Greek Archipelago, the most northern of the Cyclades, separated from Eubœa by a channel, the Doro Channel, 6 miles broad. The island is 25 miles long, and about 10 miles in its greatest breadth, the area being 156 square miles. The soil is remarkably fertile, and wine, silk, olives, and lemons are produced. The chief town, Andros, is situated on a bay of the eastern coast. Pop. (1917) 18,035.
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Andros Islands
a group of islands belonging to the Bahamas, lying between lat. 23° 41' and 25° 10' N.; long. 77° 30' and 78° 32' W. The principal island, Andros, is about 70 miles long by 10 broad, at its broadest part. The interior of the largest of these islands is composed of extensive salt marshes and fresh water swamps, in which are islands valuable for their timber; consisting mostly of cedar of superior quality. Pop. about 8,000. ANDROS, SIR EDMUND, an English provincial governor, born in 1637; was Governor of New York in 1674-1682, and of New England, with New York in- 1686-1689. His harsh excluded, in in ecution of the orders of the Duke of York caused him to be generally execrated, and, after his attempt to deprive Connecticut of its royal charter, he was seized by the people of Boston and sent to England under charges. He was also Governor of Virginia in 1692-1698, and of the Island of Jersey in 1704- 1706. He died in 1714.
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Androscoggin
a river of the United States; rises in the W. of Maine near the N. E. corner of New Hampshire, flows S. partly through New Hampshire, then E., re-entering Maine, then S. and S. E., passing Auburn and Brunswick, and finally joins the Kennebec a few miles above Bath; not navigable.
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