Aberdeen (City of Washington in Chehalis)
a city of Washington, in Chehalis co. It is on the Chehalis river and on the Northern Pacific, the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, and the Oregon and Washington Railway and Navigation Co., and is connected by steamship with ports in California. The city is the center of an important lumber and agricultural region. The chief industries are logging, shingle mills, ship yards, and packing houses. Pop. (1910) 13,660; (192 (1920) 15,337.
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Aberdeen (UNIVERSITY formed under)
UNIVERSITY formed under the Duke of Wellington, and in 1843 in the Peel ministry. In 1853, Earl Aberdeen was selected to head a new ministry, which for some time was extremely popular. He endeavored to prevent the country from entering upon the conflict with Russia, but all his efforts were unvailing. Failing to receive sufficient support to carry out his measures, he resigned in 1855. Died Dec. 14, 1860.
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Abernethy
a town in Perthshire, Scotland, near the junction of the Earn and the Tay. Here the first Culdee monastery was built, and here, it is said, the Pictish kings had their capital. A curious round tower, 73 feet high, still exists, resembling the famous round towers of Ireland.
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Abernethy
JAMES, Scotch a ivil engineer, born in Aberdeen in 1815. As a boy he assisted his father on the extension of the London docks, and afterward designed and built the lock and dock at Aberdeen, the docks at Swansea, Newport, Cardiff, and Hull, and the Cavour canal in Italy. He died in 1896.
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Abernethy
JOHN, an eminent English surgeon, founder of the School of St. Bartholomew's; born in London, April 3, 1764. He was educated at Wolverhampton grammar school, and in 1779 was apprenticed to the assistant surat St. Bartholomew's Hospital. In 1787 he was himself elected assistant surgeon to St. Bartholomew's, and soon after began to lecture. At first, he manifested extraordinary diffidence, but his power soon developed itself, and his lectures at last attracted crowds. His practice increased with his celebrity, which the eccentricity and rudeness of his manners contributed to heighten. He died at Enfield, April 28, 1831.
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Abernethy, John
John (1764-1831), an eminent English surgeon. A native of London. Surgeon of St. Bartholomew's hospital. He was a skillful operator and became so famous for lectures on anatomy and surgery that the authorities found it necessary to build him a large lecture room. He was a brilliant, witty speaker, kindhearted but blunt. A characteristic anecdote runs to the effect that he gave a rich patient a sure cure for the gout: "Live on sixpence a day and earn it." See Surgery
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Aberration
a wandering from. In optics, a spherical aberration is that wandering of the rays of light from the normal path which takes place when they are made to pass through curved lenses, or are reflected from curved mirrors, constituting portions of a sphere, instead of parts of a parabola. Chromatic aberration is the fringing of images with the prismatic colors which takes place when light passes through curved lenses. In astronomy, the aberration of light is that alteration in the apparent position of a star which is produced by the motion of the earth in its orbit during the time that the light is coming from the star to the eye. The effect of this aberration is to make each star appear annually to describe a minute circle of about 40" diameter parallel to the earth's diameter. In medicine, the passage of blood, or any other fluid of the body, from morbid causes, into vessels not designed to receive it. Mental aberration is that wandering from soundness of judgment which is so conspicuous in the insane.
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Abesta
or AVESTA, the name of one of the sacred books of the Persian magi, which they ascribe to their great founder Zoroaster. The "Abesta" is a commentary on two others of their religious books, called "Zend" and "Pazend"; the three together including the whole system of the Ignicolæ, or worshippers of fire.
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Abhedananda
SWAMI, a British- Indian lecturer and author, born in Calcutta in 1860. He was educated at Calcutta University. In 1897 he came to the United States, where he organized the Vendanta Society of New York and acted as its head. He also established several schools for the study of religion and lectured on Hindu philosophy before many educational institutions, societies, etc. He was the author of "Reincarnation" (1899); "Philosophy of Work" (1902); "India and Her People" (1906); "Great Saviors of the World" (1911); etc.
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Abigor
According to Wierius (q.v.), Grand Duke of Hades. He is shown in the form of a handsome knight, bearing lance, standard, or sceptre. He is a demon of the superior order, and responds readily to questions concerning war. He can foretell the future, and instructs the leaders how to make themselves respected by the soldiers. Sixty of the infernal regions are at his command.
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Abijah
the second King of Judah, son of Rehoboam, and Solomon's grandson; reigned three years, beginning 956 B. C. He attempted to reunite the divided kingdoms of Israel and Judah. The attempt failed, though he defeated Jeroboam and a superior force, and wrested from the King of Israel several cities.
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Abila
or ABYLA, a mountain of Africa, opposite that which is called Calpe, on the coast of Spain, only 18 miles distant. These two mountains are named the Pillars of Hercules, and were supposed formerly to have been united, till the hero separated them, and thereby effected a communication between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
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Abilene
a city of Texas, the countyseat of Taylor co., 160 miles S. W. of Forth Worth. It is on the Texas and Pacific, the Wichita Valley, and the Abilene Southern railroads. The town is an important industrial community. There are flour and planing mills, cotton oil mills, and cotton gins. The city contains a sanitarium, Federal court house, library, parks, etc. Pop. (1910) 9,204; (1920) 10,274.
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Abington
a town in Massachusetts, in Plymouth co., about 20 miles S. E. of Boston. It is on the New York, New Haven and Hartford, and the Old Colony Electric railroads. The largest industry is the manufacture of boots and shoes. The city has an excellent school system and a library. In its park is a memorial arch to veterans of the Civil War which was dedicated in 1912. Abington was founded in 1680. Pop. (1910) 5,455; (1920) 5,787.
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