Anona
a genus of plants, the type of the natural order anoпaceӕ. A. squamosa (sweet sop) grows in the West Indian islands, and yields an edible fruit having a thick, sweet, luscious pulp. A. muricata (sour sop) is cultivated in the West and East Indies; it produces a large pear-shaped fruit, of a greenish color, containing an agreeable, slightly acid pulp. The genus produces other edible fruits, as the common custard apple or bullock's heart, from A. reticulata, and the cherimoyer of Peru, A. cherimolia. ANONACEÆ, an order of exogenous plants classed by Lindley under his ranales, or ranal alliance. They have six petals, hypogynous stamina generally indefinite in number, numerous ovaries, and a many carpeled, succulent, or dry fruit, and alternate simple without stipules. They are trees or shrubs occurring in the tropic ropics of both hemispheres. In 1846 Lindley estimated the known species at 300. Most have a powerful aromatic taste and smell, and the flowers of some are highly fragrant. Some have a succulent and eatable fruit.
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Anoplotherium
an extinct genus of the ungulata or hoofed quadrupeds, forming the type of a distinct family, which were in many respects intermediate between the swine and the true ruminants. These animals were pig-like in form, but possessed long tails, and had a cleft hoof, with two rudimentary toes.
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Anoplura
an aberrant order of insects, sometimes termed, from their parasitic habits, parasitica or epizoa. They have six legs, no wings, and either two simple eyes or none. They are parasitic upon mammals and birds, and are generally termed lice. There are two sub-orders: (1) Haustellata, or rhyncota, having a mouth with a tubular, very short, fleshy haustellum, and (2) mandibulata, or mallophaga, in which the mouth is provided with two horny mandibles.
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Anosmia
a disease consisting in a diminution or destruction of the sense of smell, sometimes constitutional, but most frequently caused by strong and repeated stimulants, as snuff, applied to the olfactory nerves.
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Anpiel
One of the angels charged by the rabbis with the government of the birds, for every known species was put under the protection of one or more angels.
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Anselm de Parma
An astrologer, born at Parma, where he died in 1440. He wrote Astrological Institutions, a work which has never been printed. Wierius, and some other demonologists, classed him with the sorcerers, because certain charlatans, who healed sores by means of mysterious words, had taken the name of "Anselmites." But Naudé observes that they boasted that they had obtained their gift of healing, not from Anselm of Parma, but from St. Anselm of Canterbury, just as the Salutadores in Spain recognised in Catherine, their patron saint, and those who healed snake-bites in Italy , St. Paul.
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Anselm of Canterbury
ST., a scholastic philosopher, born at or near Aosta, in H Piedmont, in 1033. In 1060 he entered the monastery of Bec in Normandy of which, in 1078, he became abbot. It was then the most famous monastic school. His friend Lanfranc, who had gone to England, and become Archbishop of Canterbury, died in 1089; and the diocese remained four years without a successor, till in 1093 Anselm was appointed. He was distinguished both as a churchman and a philosopher. His numerous embroilments with William Rufus and his successor, and the unbending spirit which he displayed in these, even when subjected to banishment, indi cate the resoluteness of his character. Anselm was a second Augustine, superior to all his contemporaries in sagacity and dialectical skill, and equal to the most eminent in virtue and piety. He sought to reduce the truths of religion into the form of a connected series of reasonings. It was for this purpose he wrote his "Monologion." In his "Proslogion," he strove to demonstrate the existence of God. His "Cur Deus Homo" (English translation by Prout, 1887) argues the necessity of the Incarnation, all subsequent speculation on which it was profoundly influenced. Besides his philosoph ical treatise, his "Meditations and Let ters" have come down to us, revealing his humble, fervent faith. His works first supplied the impulse to justify Scripture and the Church by reason. He died April 21, 1109, and was buried next to Lanfranc at Canterbury. In 1494 he was canonized.
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Ansgar
or ANSHAR, called the Apostle of the North, was born in 801 in Picardy, and took the monastic vows in boyhood. In the midst of many difficulties he labored as a missionary in Denmark and Sweden; dying in 864 or 865, with the reputation of having undertaken, if not the first, the most successful, attempts for the propagation of Christianity in the North.
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Ansitif
A little known demon, who, during the possession of the nuns of Louviers, in 1643, occupied the body of Sister Barbara of St. Michael .
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Anson
GEORGE, LORD, a celebrated English navigator, born in 1697; became a commander in 1722, and captain in 1724. In 1740 he was made commander of a fleet sent to the South Sea, directed against the trade and colonies of Spain. The expedition consisted of five men-of-war and three smaller vessels. After many stirring adventures he reached the coast of Peru, made several prizes, and captured and burned the city of Paita. His squadron was now reduced to one ship, the "Centurion," but with it he took the Spanish treasure galleon from Acapulco, and arrived in England in 1744, with treasure to the amount of £500,000, having circumnavigated the globe globe in in three years and nine months. His adventures and discoveries are described in "Anson's Voyage." He was made rearadmiral of the blue, and not long after rear-admiral of the white. His victory over the French admiral, Jonquière, near Cape Finisterre in 1747, raised him to the peerage. He died in 1762.
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Ansonia
a city in New Haven co., Conn.; on the Naugatuck river and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad; 10 miles W. of New Haven. It is widely noted for its extensive manufactures of clocks, and brass, copper, and woolen goods; and has several banks, Young Men's Christian Association and memorial libraries, daily and weekly newspapers, etc. Pop. (1910) 15,152; (1920) 17,643.
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