Androscoggin
a river of the United States; rises in the W. of Maine near the N. E. corner of New Hampshire, flows S. partly through New Hampshire, then E., re-entering Maine, then S. and S. E., passing Auburn and Brunswick, and finally joins the Kennebec a few miles above Bath; not navigable.
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Andujar
a city in the province of Jaën, Spain; on the Guadalquivir river, 44 miles N. E. of Cordova. Here an engagement took place between the French and Spanish and the convention of Baileu was signed, both in 1808. Pop. about 17,000.
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Anegada
the most northerly of the Virgin Islands, lying E. of Porto Rico in the West Indies. It contains about 13 square miles, with a scanty population of 200, and belongs to England. A little cotton is grown.
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Anemoscope
an rendering visible the direction of the wind. In that commonly used there is a vane exposed to the wind acting upon an index moving round a dial-plate on which the 32 points of the compass are engraved.
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Aneroid
not containing any liquid; ased chiefly in the expression, "aneroid barometer." An aneroid barometer is a barometer not containing a liquid, but constructed on at totally different principle from a mercurial barometer. Various forms of the instrument exist. One of these consists of a cylindrical metal box exhausted of air, and having its lid of thin corrugated metal. As the pressure increases, the lid which is highly elastic, and has a spring inside, is forced inward; while, again, as it diminishes, it is forced outward. Delicate multiplying levers then transmit these motions to an index which moves on a scale, and is graduated empirically by a mercurial barometer. From its portability it is much used for determining the heights of mountains.
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Aneroid Barometer
. See Barometer
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Aneurin
a poet and prince of the Cambrian Britons, who flourished about 600 A. D., author of an epic poem, the "Gododin," relating the defeat of the Britons of Strathclyde by the Saxons at the battle of Cattraeth.
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Aneurism
a morbid dilatation of the aorta, or one of the other great arteries of the body.
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Angara
a Siberian river which flows into Lake Baikal at its N. extremity, and leaves it near the S. W. end, latterly joining the Yenisei as the Lower Angara or Upper Tunguska.
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Angel
a messenger, one employed to carry a message, a minister or representative of God. In a special sense an angel is one of an order or spiritual beings superior to man in power and intelligence, vast in number, holy in character, and thoroughly devoted to the worship and service of God, who employs them as his heavenly messengers. Their existence is made known to us by Scripture, and is recognized also in the Parsee sacred books. The word is also applied to a spirit which has assumed the aspect of some human being. Angel is likewise the name of a beautiful fish, which has its body covered with large green scales, and the laminæ above the gills armed with cerulean spines. It is one of the chatodons, and occurs on the coast of Carolina. It is quite different from the ANGEL FISH (q. v.). In numismatics, an angel gel is a gold coin, named from the fact that on one side of it was a representation of the Archangel Michael in conflict with the Dragon. The reverse had a ship with a large cross for the mast, the letter E on the right side, and a rose on the left; while against the ship was a shield with the usual arms. It was first struck in France in 1340, and was introduced into England by Edward IV. in 1465. Between his reign and that of Charles I. it varied in value from 6s. 8d. to 10s.
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Angel Fish
a fish of the squalidæ, or shark family, which derived its name from the fact that its extended pectoral fins present the appearance of wings. It is called also monk-fish, fiddle-fish, shark-ray, and kingston. It is found on the coasts of Europe and North America.
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Angeles
FELIPE, a Mexican soldier who was executed following a court-martial at Chihuahua City, Mexico, on November 26, 1919. Angeles was one of the few well-trained Mexican army officers. He was born in the State of Hidalgo in 1869, and studied military science in France, devoting special attention to ar- France, tillery. He wrote a military text book which was widely used in Mexico and elsewhere. He joined the revolution of Madero which resulted in the abdication of President Diaz. Under the command of Madero he carried on important operations against the bandit Zapata. After the fall of Madero he refused to support the government of President Huerta and was for a time kept in prison. He was finally released on condition that he remain in France. When Huerta had ceased to rule, Angeles returned to Mexico and joined the armies of Carranza and Villa. When a division arose between these two he remained with Villa, becoming chief of staff. He was one of the most successful officers operating under Villa, and was notable for his regard for the laws of war. He was captured by Carranza forces during hostilities between Villa and Carranza , in a cave at San Tome where, with four companions, he had taken refuge. After court-martial, he was sentenced to death, in spite of pleas for clemency. See MEXICO.
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Angelica
a genus of plants of the natural order umbelliferæ, by some botanists divided into two, angelica and archangelica. The species are mostly herbaceous and perennial, natives of the temperate and colder region regions of the ild angelica northern hemisphere. Wild (A. sylvestris) is a common plant in moist meadows, by the sides of brooks, and in woods in Britain and throughout many parts of Europe and Asia. The garden angelica (archangelica or archangelica officinalis) is a biennial plant, becoming perennial when not allowed to ripen its seeds. The whole plant, and especially the root, is aromatic and bitter, with a pleasant, somewhat musky color, and contains much resin and essential oil. The garden angelica was at one time also much cultivated for the blanched stalks, which were used as celery now is. The tender stalks and midribs of the leaves, candied, are still, however, a well-known article of confectionery, and an agreeable stomachic; the roots and seeds are employed in the preparation of gin and of bitters. The roots are occasionally ground and made into bread in Norway, and the Icelanders eat the stem and roots raw, with butter. Several species of angelica are natives of North America.
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