Each of these 11 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
a bathing place which has grown up since 1854, on the S. side of the Bassin d'Arcachon, 34 miles S. W. of Bordeaux, France. Its main street stretches 2½ miles along the shore, with the pine forest immediately behind. Its numerous villas among the first are much frequented in winter by invalids afflicted with lung disease. Scientific oyster culture is practiced here on a large scale. Pop. about 12,000.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a series of arches of any form, supported on pillars, either inclosing a space before a wall, or any building which is covered in and paved; or, when used as an architectural feature for ornamenting the towers and walls of churches entirely closed up with masonry. The term is also applied to a covered passage having shops on either side of it. Two arcades inscribed in a greater arcade are called geminous arcades.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
The great secret which was supposed to lie behind all alchemical and magical striving. God Aristœus and Nature," says Eliphas Levi (q.v.), " alike, have closed the Sanctuary of Transcendent Science. so that the revelation of the great magical secret is happily impossible." Elsewhere he states that it makes the magician "master of gold and light."
Only in An Encyclopaedia of Occultism
a Greek philosopher, founder of the New Academy, was born at Pitane in Æolia, Asia Minor, 316 b. c. He ultimately became the head of the academic school or those who held the doctrines of Plato; but he introduced so many innovations that its philosophic character was completely changed in the direction of scepticism. His great rivals were the Stoics. He denied the Stoical doctrine of knowledge, which he affirmed to be, from its very nature, unintelligible and contradictory. He also denied the existence of any sufficient criterion of truth, such as the "irresistible conviction" of the Stoics, and recommended abstinence from all dogmatic judgments. He died in 241 B. C.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
ar-ka-op'te-riks, a genus of fossil birds. In 1861 Andreas Wagner, observing a sheet of slate in the lithographic quarries of Solenhofen, Bavaria, noted a peculiar fossil impression, the imprint of a feather. Two other similar fossils, but in this case skeletons, were found in the same locality. They enabled scientists to make out a flying creature to which they have given the name archaeopteryx, meaning ancient wing or bird. This strange combination had the body and short wings of a heavy bird, but it had the head, teeth, long neck, and long tail of a lizard. These fossils occur in rocks older than the rocks in which bird fossils are found. Students have long been of the opinion that birds are a higher development of reptiles. In these nondescript animals of the air, we have reptiles half way developed into birds--a striking confirmation of the reptilian theory of bird origin. One of the skeleton fossils has been secured for the British Museum ; the other is in the Museum at Berlin. The impressions in the fine grained lithographic stone are clear. Lieut. Robert E. Peary in his suit of furs on the deck of the Roosevelt
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
a borough in Pennsylvania, in Lackawanna co., on the Delaware and Hudson and on the New York, Ontario, and Western railroads. It is about 10 miles N. E. of Scranton, in the midst of a coal-mining region and there are other industries, including silk mills. Pop. (1910) 7,194; (1920) 8,603.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
JOHN DUSTIN, an American capitalist, born in Leesburg, O., in 1848. His boyhood and youth was spent in mercantile employment. removed with his family to Titusville, Pa., where he became identified with an oil company which largely through his efforts became one of the chief rivals of the South Improvement Company, which later developed into the Standard Oil Company. John D. Rockefeller, becoming impressed with Archbold's ability, secured his services. From that time until his death he was active in the Standard Oil Co., rising to be its head. He was one of the trustees of Syracuse University and gave large sums to that institution during his life. At his death he bequeathed to it $500,000. He died December 16, 1916, leaving a fortune of over $25,000,000.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
an ecclesiastical dignitary next in rank below a bishop, who has jurisdiction either over a part of or over the whole diocese. He is usually appointed by the bishop, under whom he performs various duties duties and he holds a court which decides cases subject to an appeal to the bishop.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a duke whose authority and power is superior to that of other dukes. In France, in the reign of Dagobert, there was an Archduke of Austrasia; and at a later period, the provinces of Brabant and Lorraine were termed archduchies. The Dukes of Austria assumed the title of archduke in 1156; but the dignity was not confirmed till 1453. The last to assume the title were the princes of the former imperial House of Austria.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
the science which makes us acquainted with the antiquities of nations that have lived and died, and the remains of various kinds which throw a light upon the history of those now existing. The archæologist seeks to study and preserve any materials which tend to elucidate the objects already mentioned, and these materials naturally resolve themselves into three great divisions, each susceptible of further subdivision. The first class may be considered to consist of all records, written or printed, legal documents, nts, old chronicles, diaries of a public or private nature, state papers, letters, etc. The second may be termed oral, or traditional, in contradistinction to the first, which may be broadly called written archæology, and consists of the ballads, legends, and folk-lore of a people, their sports, superstitions, and the rise and origin of local customs, proverbs, and expressions. The third, termed monumental archæology, consists of works of art, paintings, sculpture, coins, medals, pottery, glass s, wooden and , metal utensils, tools of all descriptions, armor, weapons, carriages, boats, roads, canals, walls, encampments, burialgrounds, earthen mounds for purposes of defense or sepulture, and even human and animal remains. government of
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
WILLIAM, a Scottish critic, born at Perth, Sept. Sept. 23, 1856. He graduated at Edinburgh University, 1876, and was called to the bar, 1883. He was for a long time dramatic critic for various London papers, and published books on the drama, including "English Dramatists of To-day" (1882); "Masks or Faces: a Study in the Psychology of Acting" (1888); "Henry Irving," a critical study (1883); "William Charles Macready, a Biography" (1890); "Through Afro-America" (1910); "Play Making" (1912); "The Correct Analysis (1913); etc. He was the English translator of Ibsen's dramas.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia