Anti-Semites
the modern opponents of the Jews in Russia, Rumania, Hungary, and eastern Germany. An Anti-Semitic League was formed in Berlin in 1881 to restrict the liberty of Jews in Germany. The Emperor interfered to stop the cowardly persecution, but not before thousands of Jews had left the country. The persecution in Russia assumed a more brutal character than in Germany, and thousands of Jews fled to the United States, Spain, and elsewhere. In Hungary violent anti-Jewish riots occurred at Pesth, Zala, and elsewhere, which were not brought to an end until martial law was proclaimed. There is a strong anti-Semitic party feeling in France which the Dreyfus affair served to foster, and it is growing in some quarters in England. Anti-Semitism has come to the fore again in the form of riots and attacks on Jews and their property as a result of the World War. This was especially true in Poland, Austria, Hungary, Rumania, and certain sections of Germany.
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Anti-Trade
a name given to any of the upper tropical winds which move northward or southward in the same manner as the trade-winds which blow beneath them in the opposite direction. These great aërial currents descend to the surface after they have passed the limits of the trade-winds, and form the S. W. or W. S. W. winds of the N. temperate, and the N. W. or W. N. W. winds of the S. temperate zones. It is the anti-trade winds that are most notable in the meteorology of the United States.
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Anticosti
an island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, which it divides into two channels, with lighthouses at different parts of the coast, and about 140 miles long, and 30 miles broad in the center, of them. Area, 3,147 square miles. Anticosti has two harbors, Ellice bay, near the W. end, and Fox bay in the N. W. The climate is severe; while the surface is an alternation of rocks and swamps. It is visited by fishermen in the summer, but there are hardly any inhabitants save lighthouse keepers and a few officials. The island, which is attached to the Canadian province of Quebec, has considerable salmon, trout, cod, and herring fisheries, and is a resort for seal and bear hunting. Extensive peat deposits are found in Anticosti. Marl also occurs. M. Henri Menier, a French manufacturer, purchased the island in 1895 as a game preserve. Pop. about 250.
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Antidote
. See Poison
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Antifebrin
acetanilid (C&H,NO), an aniline derived from acetate of aniline at an elevated temperature by a dialytic action in which water is set free. It has been employed with excellent results as a pain-reliever in neuralgic and rheumatic affections, as a sedative febrifuge and antipyretic.
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Antifriction Metal
a name given to various alloys of tin, zinc, copper, antimony, lead, etc., which oppose little resistance to motion, with great resistance to the effects of friction, so far as concerns the wearing away of the surfaces of contact. Babbitt's metal (50 parts tin, 5 antimony, 1 copper) is one
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Antigo
a city of Wisconsin, in Langlade co. It is on the Chicago and Northwestern railroad and on Spring Brook river. It is the center of an important agricultural and lumbering region and has important industries, including the manufacture of wooden ware, flour mills, sawmills, wagon works, etc. It has a teachers' training school, a school for the blind, and a Carnegie library. Pop. (1910) 7,196; (1920) 8,451.
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Antigonus
one of the generals of Alexander the Great, born about 382 B. C. After the death of Alexander, Antigonus obtained Greater Phrygia, Lycia, and Pamphylia as his dominion. Ptolemy, Cassander, and Lysimachus, alarmed by his ambition, united themselves against him; and a long series of contests ensued in Syria, Phœnicia, Asia Minor, and Greece, ending in 301 B. C. with the battle of Ipsus in Phrygia, in which Antigonus was defeated and slain.
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Antigua
one of the British West Indies, the most important of the Leeward group; 28 miles long, 20 broad; area, 108 square miles; discovered by Columbus, 1493. Its shores are high and rocky; the surface is varied and fertile. The capital, St. John (pop. about 10,000), is the residence of the governor of the Leeward Islands. The staple articles of export are sugar, molasses, rum. Pop., including Barbuda and Redonda, about 40,000.
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Antimachus
a Greek epic and elegiac poet; flourished about 400 b. c. His chief works were the epic "Thebaïs," and an elegy on his dead love Lyde.
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Antinomy
the opposition of one law or rule to another law or rule; in the Kantian philosophy, that natural contradiction which results from the law of reason, when passing the limits of experience, we seek to conceive the complex of external phenomena, or nature, as a world or cosmos.
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Antinous
a young Bithynian whom the extravagant love of Hadrian has immortalized. He drowned himself in the Nile in 122 A. D. Hadrian set no bounds to his grief for his loss. He gave his name to a newly-discovered star, erected temples in his honor, called a city after him, and caused him to be adored as a god throughout the empire. Statues, busts, etc., of him are numerous.
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Antioch College
a coeducational (non-sectarian) institution in Yellow Springs, O., organized in 1852; reported in 1919: Professors, 17; students, 165; president, G. D. Black.
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Antiope
an-ti'o-pe, in Grecian legend, the daughter of the Boeotian river-god Asopus, and mother, by Zeus, of Amphion and Zethus. Lycus, the usurping king of Thebes, and his wife Dirce, were very cruel to Antiope. She sent word of her illtreatment to her sons, who came to rescue her and avenge her wrongs. They slew Lycus and bound Dirce by her hair to the horns of a bull, by whom she was soon dragged to death. See Amphion ; Farnese Bull 2026 Editor's Note: The gruesome punishment of Dirce — tied to a bull's horns — is frozen in one of antiquity's most colossal sculptures, the Farnese Bull , carved from a single block of marble and now a centerpiece of the archaeological museum in Naples. (Ed: BR 2026-06-08)
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Antioquia
a department of Colombia, South America. It has considerable mineral wealth. Area, 22,752 square miles. Pop. about 750,000. Capital, Medellin (pop. about 50,000). ANTIPÆDOBAPIST, one who is opposed to the doctrine of infant baptism.
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