Antony of Padua
ST., was born at Lisbon, Aug. 15, 1195, and, on his father's side, was related to Godfrey of Bouillon. He was at first an Augustinian monk; but in 1220 he entered the Franciscan order , and became one of its most active propagators. He_preached in the S. of France and upper Italy, and died at Padua, June 13, 1231. He was canonized by Gregory IX. in the following year. He himself practiced the most severe asceticism , and opposed vigorously the movement for mitigating the severity of the Franciscan rule led by Elias of Cortona.
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Antracites, or Antrachas, or Anthrax
A stone, sparkling like fire, supposed by Albertus Magnus to be the carbuncle. It cures " imposthumes." It is girdled with a white vein. If smeared with oil it loses its colour, but sparkles the more for being dipped in water.
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Antrim
a county of Ireland, in the province of Ulster. It has an area of 1,176 square miles, of which about twothirds are cultivated. It has comparatively little forest land. Salt exists in deposits and there are small coal fields in the interior. There are also rich beds of iron ore. The chief agricultural crop is oats. Fisheries are an important industry. The chief manufactures are woolens, linens, and cotton goods. The principal towns are Lisburn, Ballymena, and Antrim. Belfast was formerly the capital, but in 1898 was made a county borough. Pop. about 480,000.
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Anura
or ANOURA, an order of reach maturity, such as the frogs and toads. terior extremity of the alimentary canal
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Anus
the opening at the lower or posthrough which the excrement or waste products of digestion are expelled. With regard to its anatomy, it is sufficient to state that it is kept firmly closed on ordinary occasions by the external and internal sphincter muscles, the former of which contracts the integument around the opening, and, by its attachment to the coccyx behind, and to a tendinous center in front, helps the levator ani muscle in supporting the aperture during the expulsive efforts that are made in the passage of the fæces or intestinal evacuations; while the latter, or internal sphincter, is an aggregation of the circular muscular fibers of the lowest part of the rectum, and acts in contracting the extremity of the tube. The integument around the anus lies in radiating plaits, which allow of its stretching without pain during the passage of the fæces; and the margin is provided with a number of sebaceous glands.
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Anzac
a name applied to Australian and New Zealand troops in the World War and made up of the first letters of their title, "Australian and New Zealard Army Corps."
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Aoiiia
in ancient geography a name for part of Boeotia in Greece, containing Mount Helicon and the fountain Aganippe, both haunts of the muses.
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Aonbarr
A horse belonging to Manaanan, son of the Irish Sea-God, Lir. It was believed to possess magical gifts, and could gallop on land or sea.
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Aorist
the name given to one of the tenses of the verb in some languages (as the Greek) which expresses indefinite past time.
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Aosta
a cathedral city of Italy, on the Dora Baltea, 19 miles from the opening of the great St. Bernard Pass, and 80 miles N. N. W. of Turin by rail. It is surrounded by rich orchards, vineyards, and almond plantations. It is the ancient Augusta Prætoria; and several monuments of the Roman times still remain. St. Bernard was Archdeacon of Aosta; and here Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, was born. Near by are the celebrated baths and mines of St. Didier. The beautiful valley of Aosta is rich in woods, pastures, minerals, and mineral walls. French is generally spoken. Pop. about 7,000.
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Aoudad
the ammotrogus tragelaphus, a remarkable species of sheep, with certain affinities to the goats. It is of a reddish-brown color, with much long hair hanging down from the front of the neck and the base of the forelegs. It has long, powerful horns, and is fierce in character. It inhabits mountainous regions in Abyssinia and Barbary.
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Apaches
a tribe of North American Indians, formerly very fierce and numerous, living in portions of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, and belonging to the Athabascan family. Long after the annexation of their territory by the United States they continued their raids in spite of severe defeats. An attempt made by the United States Government to confine the Apaches within a reserved territory in Arizona led to bloodshed in 1871. About 300 now occupy a reservation at Fort Sill, Okla. Their total number is about 5,000.
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Apantomancy
Divination by means of any objects which happen to present themselves. To this class belong the omens drawn from chance meetings with a hare, an eagle, etc.
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Apartment House
a structure built to accommodate a number of families each in its own set of rooms, which form a separate dwelling with an entrance of its own. The term is chiefly used in the United States, though houses of this kind have long been built in Europe.
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Apatite
a translucent but seldom transparent mineral. It passes through various shades of color, from white to yellow, green, blue, and occasionally red. It is now largely utilized as a source of artificial phosphate manures.
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Ape's Hill
the ancient Abyla, the extremity of a mountain range in the N. of Morocco, opposite Gibraltar; one of the "Pillars of Hercules."
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Apennines
. See Italy
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Apenninus Mons
Probably from the Celtic Pen, meaning a height." A chain of mountains running throughout Italy from north to south, and forming the backbone of the peninsula. “ 2026 Editor's Note: The Apennines extend approximately 1,200 km (750 mi) the length of peninsular Italy, forming the backbone of the peninsula as described in the original text. These mountains preserve some of Europe's best-preserved forests and montane grasslands, now protected by national parks. The Apennines serve as one of the last refuges of major European predators such as the Italian wolf and Marsican brown bear, species now extinct in the rest of Central Europe. (Ed: BR 2026-07-11)
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Aphaniptera
an order of wingless insects, called by De Geer suctoria, and by Leach siphonaptera. They have a sucker of three pieces, and a true metamorphosis. The thorax is distinctly separated from the abdomen, and two horny plates mark the spots where in the higher insects wings would be. It contains the pulicidæ, or fleas.
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