Armure
or Royal Armure, a silk fabric used for dresses and trimmings, in which a small angled figure, as a diamond, is repeated over and over at short intervals. This pattern is produced in weaving by the direction the threads are made to take, and by bringing certain threads into relief in parts of the pattern and again sinking them in the web. Armure silk is usually dyed black or in plain colors. It is a durable and satisfactory grade of silk, being usually both soft and thick.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Army Corps
one of the largest divisions of an army in the field, comprising all arms, and commanded by a general officer; subdivided into divisions, which may or may not comprise all arms. ARMY SCHOOLS. See MILITARY ED- UCATION.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Army of the United States, The
The. By act of Congress of February 2, 1901, the enlisted strength of the army is not to exceed 100,000. At the present time, 1910, the actual strength is about 77,000. The army consists of 15 regiments of cavalry, 30 batteries of field artillery, 126 companies of coast artillery, 30 regiments of infantry, 3 battalions of engineers, with the addition of scouts, 1 regiment in Porto Rico and 50 companies of native scouts in the Philippines. There are over 4,000 officers. The pay of officers increases with the term of service. The maximum pay for the various officers, named in order of rank, is: lieutenant-general, $11,000; major-general, $8,000; brigadier-general, $6,000; colonel, $5,000; lieutenant-colonel, $4,500; major, $4,000; captain, $3,360; first lieutenant , $2,800; second lieutenant , $2,380. Officers defray their own expenses. Privates receive from fifteen dollars to twenty-five dollars per month, with additional allowance for rations and clothing. The army is distributed in garrisons throughout the country. There are fourteen military divisions and departments, commanded usually by brigadier-generals. The United States military appropriation for 1908 was $95,382,246. See Navy ; Militia
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Army War College
a department of the United States military educational establishment authorized by Congress in 1900. Brig. Gen. William Ludlow was made chief of the board which drafted the regulations. The faculty of the college study the military tes with organization of the United States an eye to a complete understanding of aing its practical efficiency of operations, and constitute an advisory board to which the Secretary of War can turn at any time for details and recommendations as to any point in the mechanism of the whole military service. The study of plans of campaign by the college and the accumulation of military information make the inauguration of a campaign, in case of war, only a matter of the issuing of the necessary orders by the Secretary.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Arnauld
the name of a French family, several members of which greatly distinguished themselves. ANTOINE, an eminent French advocate, was born 1560, died 1619. Distinguished as a zealous defender of the cause of Henry IV., and for his powerful and successful defense of the University of Paris against the Jesuits in 1594. His family formed a nucleus of the sect of the Jansenists in France. His son ANTOINE, called the Great Arnauld, was born Feb. 6, 1612, at Paris; died Aug. 9, 1694, at Brussels. He devoted himself to the ology, and was received, in 1641, among the doctors of the Sorbonne. He engaged in all the quarrels of the French Jansenists with the Jesuits, the clergy, and the government, was the chief Jansenist writer, and was considered their head. Excluded from the Sorbonne, he retired to Port Royal, where he wrote, in conjunction with his friend Nicole, celebrated system of logic (hence a called the "Port Royal Logic"). On account of persecution he fled, in 1679, to the Netherlands. His works, which are mainly controversies with the Jesuits or the Calvinists, are very voluminous. His brother ROBERT, born in 1588, died in 1674, was a person of influence at the French court, but latterly retired to Port Royal, where he wrote a translation of "Josephus" and other works. Robert's daughter ANGÉLIQUE, born in 1624, died in 1684, was eminent in the religious world, and was subjected to prosecution on account of her unflinching adherence to Jansenism.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Arndt
ERNST MORITZ, a German writer and patriot, born at Schoritz, Isle of Rügen, Dec. 29, 1769. On the publication, in 1806, of the first series of his "Spirit of the Times," which kindled patriotic enthusiasm throughout the German lands, he was compelled to take refuge in Sweden. In 1848, a member of the National Assembly, he belonged to the so-called imperial imperial party, pa advocatin advocating the union of Germany under the leadership of Prussia. On his 90th birthday (1859) the whole nation united in paying him homage. Many of his poems have become national lyrics. Among them are "What is the German's Fatherland?" and "The Song of the Field Marshal." He died in Bonn, Jan. 29, 1860.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Arne
a peasant story by Bjornsterne Bjornson. See Bjornson
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Arnee
one of the numerous Indian varieties of the buffalo (bubalis arni) remarkable as being the largest animal of the ox kind known. It measured about 7 feet high at the shoulders, and from 9 to 10½ feet long from the muzzle to the root of the tail. It is found chiefly in the forests at the base of the Himalayas.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Arnhem
or ARNHEIM, a town in Holland, capital of province of Gelderland, 18 miles S. W. of Zutphen, on the right bank of the Rhine. It contains many interesting public buildings; manufactures cabinet wares, mirrors, carriages, mathematical instruments, etc.; has paper-mills, and its trade is important. In 1795 it was stormed by the French, who were driven from it by the Prussians in 1813. Pop. (1917) 70,664.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Arnold of Brescia
one of the reformers prior to the Reformation, a disciple of Abelard of Paris, and of Berengarius. As early as the middle of the 12th century, his bold spirit, his scriptural knowledge, and his eloquence, had succeeded in arousing France and Italy against the abuses of the Roman Church. Driven by the clergy from Italy, he sought refuge in Zurich, where At length, he made many converts. through the instigation of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, he was charged with heresy, and excommunicated by Pope Innocent II. At this juncture, serious popular tumults occurred at Rome, and Arnold, hastening thither, was received with great cordiality, and soon vested with supreme power. In 1155, however, Adrian IV. interdicted and expelled him from the city. For a time he lived in Campagna, but was seized, and taken back to Rome, where he was executed, and his ashes were thrown into the Tiber. His followers were called Arnoldists, and held the same opinions as the Waldenses.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia