Arsaces Tiranus
King of Armenia, who, being taken prisoner by Sapor, King of Persia, was cast into prison at Ecbatana, where he died 362 B. c. His country then became a Persian province.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Single-source entries: A (78)
Each of these 14 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
Arsacidae
Artaxerxes the First. Succeeded to the kingdom of Persia after Xerxes . He made war against the Bactrians, and reconquered Egypt, which had revolted. He was remarkable for his equity and moderation. Artaxerxes the Second. King of Persia, surnamed Mnemon. His brother Cyrus endeavored to make himself king in his place, and marched against his brother at the head of 100,000 Barbarians and 13,000 Greeks. He was opposed by Artaxerxes with a large army, and a bloody battle was fought at Cunaxa, in which Cyrus was killed and his forces routed.
Only in 1000 Classical Characters
Artemisium
promontory in a Euboea, an island of the Ægean, near which several naval battles between the Greeks and Persians were fought. ARTEMUS WARD. See BROWNE, CHARLES FARRAR.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Artemus Ward. See BROWNE
CHARLES FARRAR.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Artephius
A well-known exponent of the hermetic philosophy, who died in the twelfth century, and is said to have lived more than a thousand years by means of alchemical secrets. François Pic mentions the opinion of certain savants who affirm that Artephius is identical with Appolonius of Tyana, who was born in the first century under that name, and who died in the twelfth century under that of Artephius. Many extravagant and curious works are attributed to him: De Vita Propaganda (The Art of Prolonging Life) which he claims, in the preface, to have written at the age of a thousand and twenty-five years; The Key to Supreme Wisdom; and a work on the character of the planets, on the significance of the songs of birds, on things past and future, and on the Pilhosophers' Stone. Cardan spoke Ash Tree of these books, and believed that they were composed by some practical joker who wished to play on the credulity of the partisans of alchemy.
Only in An Encyclopaedia of Occultism
Arteriosclerosis
a diseased condition of the arteries, arising in the internal coat as an inflammatory process, and resulting finally in the hardening of the muscular elastic coat. This produces an increase in the quantity of the connective tissue of the walls which results in a contraction of the blood vessels supplying the arteries. As a result these become weakened and ruptured. The disease is ineasily easily duced by a sedentary life and by overeating and drinking. In recent years it has become steadily more prevalent. ARTERY (from aer air, and tereo= to watch over; teros=a watch, a guard. So called because the ancients, finding that, in the dead bodies which they examined, the arteries were empty of blood, formed the idea that they were designed for the circulation of air through the system. The arteries are long, cylindrical tubes, with three coats, an external tunic commonly called the cellular coat, a middle or fibrous tunic or coat, and an epithelial tunic. The coating of the arteries is very elastic. The largest arteries which leave the heart are the aorta and the pulmonary artery; both spring from the base of the heart in front. They branch and anastomose to a large extent. The contractility of the arteries forces the blood to the extremities from the heart, the valves of which prevent its return.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Artery
. See Circulation
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Arteveld
or ARTEVELDE (ar'tevelt, ar'te-vel-de), the name of two men distinguished in the history of the Low Countries. (1) JACOB VAN, a brewer of Ghent, born about 1300; was selected by his fellow townsmen to lead them in their struggles against Count Louis of Flanders. In 1338 he was appointed captain of the forces of Ghent, and for several years exercised a sort of sovereign power. A proposal to make the Black Prince, son of Edward III., of England, governor of Flanders led to an insurrection, in which Arteveld lost his life (1345). (2) PHILIP, son of the former, at the head of the forces of Ghent, gained a great victory over the Count of Flanders, Louis II., and for a time assumed the state of a sovereign prince. His reign proved short-lived. The Count of Flanders returned with a large French force. Arteveld was rash enough to meet them in the open field at Roosebeke, between Courtrai and Ghent, in 1382, and fell with 25,000 Flemings.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Artful Dodger, The
The, a name applied to John Dawkins in Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist . He is represented as a young pickpocket employed by Fagin, the Jew. He was so expert that the sobriquet was used almost to the exclusion of his rightful name.
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Arthritis
any inflammatory distemper that affects the joints, particularly chronic rheumatism or gout.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Arthropoda
a subdivision of the annulosa, or articulata, containing the classes belonging to that sub-kingdom which are of the highest organization. The body is very distinctly divided into rings or segments, sometimes, as in the myriapoda (centipedes and millepedes), mere repetitions of each other, but more frequently with some of them differentiated for special ends. In general, the head, thorax, and abdomen are distinct. Under the subdivision arthropoda are ranked in an ascending series the classes miriapoda, crustacea, arachnida, and insecta.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Arthur Bonnicastle
a novel by J. G. Holland. See Holland
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Arthur's Seat
a hill in the vicinity of Edinburgh. It rises to a height of 822 feet above the sea, and commands a fine view of Edinburgh and the ocean. On two sides the hill presents vertical walls. Some prominent veins of basalt are popularly known as "Samson's Ribs." "The Queen's Drive" winds easily to the top. A fine footway along the west side is thus mentioned by Walter Scott: "This path along the Salisbury Crags used to be my favorite evening and morning resort when engaged with an author or a new subject of study." It has been superseded by a drive. Arthur's Seat and its immediate vicinity are associated with Scott's Heart of Midlothian and " Jeanie Deans ." See Scott ; Edinburgh
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia
Arthur, Chester Alan
Chester Alan (1830-1886), the twenty-first president of the United States . Born at Fairfield, Vermont, October 5, 1830. Died in New York City, November 18, 1886. He was a graduate of Union College, and a practicing lawyer in New York. During the Civil War he was a quartermaster general. In politics he was a supporter of the Stalwarts and Roscoe Conkling. In 1880 he was nominated and elected vice-president, and upon Garfield's assassination took oath of office for the presidency. President Arthur was a candidate for the nomination in 1884, but was defeated by Mr. Blaine. His administration was eminently respectable, intelligent, and free from partisanship. See Garfield ; Presidents
Only in Aiton's Encyclopedia