Arioch
Demon of vengeance, according to some demonologists. He is different from Alastor , and occupies himself only with vengeance in particular cases where he is employed for that purpose.
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Single-source entries: A (87)
These 11 listings are so strange that each appears in only one of the 7 encyclopedias we compared. They include such classics as Arioch, Ariolists, Ariosto.
Ariolists
Ancient diviners, whose special occupation was called ariolatio, because they divined by means of the altars. They consulted demons on their altars, says Dangis; they observed whether the altar trembled or performed any marvel, and predicted what the Devil inspired them with. According to François de la Tour Blanche, these people ought to have been put to death as idolators. He based his opinion on Deuteronomy, chap. xviii., and on Revelation, chap. xxi., where it is said that idolators and liars shall be cast into the lake of fire and sulphur, which will be their second death. Deuteronomy orders only the first.
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Ariosto
LUDOVICO (ä-rē-ōs'tō), an Italian poet, born at Reggio, Sept. 8, 1474. Was one of the three great epic poets of Italy, and styled "The Divine." He abandoned law for the study of the classics, and was introduced with diplomatic missions by Cardinal d'Este, and his brother, Duke of Ferrara. Ariosto's ARISTÆUS fame rests mainly on his great romantic heroic poem "Orlando Furioso." It is really a continuation of Bojardo's "Orfando Inamorato." Of his other poetical efforts the most noteworthy are his seven epistolary satires, conceived in the spirit of Horace, which contain sundry bits of autobiographical information and rank among the treasures of Italian literature. He died at Ferrara, June 6, 1533. of son (ar-is-tē'us), ARISTÆUS Apollo and Cyrene, was brought up by the Nymphs. The introduction of the use of bees is ascribed to him (hence he is called Mellisœus), and gained for him divine honors.
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Ariovistus
A German chief, who had conquered a great part of Gaul, but was defeated by Caesar , and driven across the Rhine , в. C. 58 Ariovistus escaped across the river in a small boat. 2026 Editor's Note: Ariovistus was a leader of the Suebi and other allied Germanic peoples in the 1st century BC. As one of the earliest named figures associated with the peoples the Romans categorized as Germani, he is central to understanding early Roman conceptions of Germanic identity and frontier politics. (Ed: BR 2026-07-21)
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Aristaeus
Son of Apollo and Cyrene, was born in Libya. He afterwards went to Thrace, where he fell in love with Eurydice, the wife of Orpheus . The latter, while fleeing from him, perished by the bite of a serpent. He was regarded as the protector of flocks and shepherds, of vine and olive plantations: he taught men to keep bees, and averted from the fields the burning heat of the sun and other causes of destruction. 2026 Editor's Note: Though primarily known as the son of Apollo and Cyrene , this culture hero was worshipped across the Mediterranean under the title "the best." In Boeotian pottery, Aristaeus is sometimes depicted as a winged youth, a visual style shared with the Boreads or spirits of the North Wind. Beyond his role in the myth of Eurydice , he was integrated into the founding legends of Thebes through his marriage to Autonoë , the daughter of Cadmus . (Ed: BR 2026-06-01)
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Aristarchus
a Greek grammarian, who criticized Homer's poems with the greatest severity, and established a new text; for which reason severe and just critics are often called Aristarchi. He was born in the island of Samothrace, and lived at Alexandria, about 750 b. c. He died at Cyprus, aged 72.
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Aristippus
a disciple of Socrates, and founder of a philosophical school among the Greeks, which was called the Cyrenaic, from his native city Cyrene, in Africa; flourished in 380 b. c. His moral philosophy differed widely from that of Socrates, and was a science of refined voluptuousness. His fundamental principles were that all human sensations may be reduced to two, pleasure and pain. Pleasure is a gentle, and pain a violent emotion. All living beings seek the former, and avoid the latter. Happiness is nothing but a continued pleasure, composed of separate gratifications; and as it is the object of all human exertions, we should abstain from no kind of pleasure. Still we should always be governed by taste and reason in our enjoyments. His doctrines were taught only by his daughter Arete, and by his grandson Aristippus the younger, by whom they were systematized. Other Cyrenaics compounded them into a particular doctrine of pleasure, and are hence called Hedonici. The time of his death is unknown. His writings are lost.
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Aristobulus
name of several royal personages of Judea: ARISTOBULUS I., son of John Hyrcanus, high priest of the Jews; from 105-104 B. C. King of Judea. He is supposed to have been the first of the Hasmoneans to take the title of king. In the single year of his reign he conquered portions of Iturea and Trachonitis, and compelled the people to accept Judaism. ARISTO- BULUS II., son of Alexander Jannænus, was named as high priest by his mother, Queen Regent Alexandra, while to Hyrcanus II., his elder brother, the throne was given. In a contest for the throne, he was defeated by Pompey in 63 b. c. and carried captive to Rome. He died about 30 b. C. ARISTOBULUS III. was the grandson of Hyrcanus II.; his sister, Mariamne, was the wife of Herod I., who appointed him high priest, but, fearing his popularity, had him assassinated about 30 B. C. ARISTOBULUS III. was the last male of the Hasmonean family.
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Aristocracy
a form of government by which the wealthy and noble, or any small privileged class, rules over the rest of the citizens; now mostly applied to the nobility or chief persons in a state.
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Aristogeiton
a citizen of Athens, whose name is rendered famous by a conspiracy (514 b. C.) formed in conjunction with his friend Harmodius against the tyrants Hippias and Hipparchus, the sons of Pisistratus. Both Aristogeiton and Harmodius lost their lives through their attempts to free the country and were reckoned martyrs of liberty.
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Aristoteles
A famous philosopher, son of Nicomachus, born at Stagira . He went to Athens to hear Plato 's lectures, where he soon signalized himself by his genius. He has been called by Plato the philosopher of truth, and Cicero complimented him for his eloquence, fecundity of thought, and universal knowledge. He died in his sixty-third year, B. C. 322. The term Stagirite has been applied to Aristotle from the name of his birthplace. Pope, in his Essay on Criticism, thus alludes to him under this name: "And rules as strict his labor'd work confine, As if the Stagirite o'erlooked each line."
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