Achaia
a small Greek district lying along the N. coast of the Peloponnesus. Achaia forms, along with Elis, a depart ment in the modern kingdom, and its chief town is Patras. As the Achaians (Achæans) were the ruling people of the Peloponnesus in heroic times, Homer speaks of the Greeks generally as Achaioi. Their 12 little towns formed a confederacy, renewed in 281 B. c., and subsequently extended, under the name of the Achæan League, throughout Greece, until 146 b. C., when Greece fell under the power of Rome. Pop. 225,000.
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Achard
LOUIS AMÉDÉE (ä-shär'), a French novelist and publicist, born in 1814. Originally a merchant, he became a contributor to several papers in Paris in 1838. After the revolution of 1848 he was for a time active as a political writer in support of the royalist cause. He depicts pre-eminently conflicts in family life and society. He died in 1875.
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Acheans
a gene by Homer to designate the whole Hellenic host before Troy, from their mythological ancestor, Achæus, grandson of Helen.
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Achei
the descendants of Achæus, the son of Zuthus, and grandson of Helen. Achæus, having committed manslaughter, was compelled to take refuge in Laconia, where he died, and where posterity remained under the name of Achæi, until they were expelled by the Heraclidæ. Upon this, they passed into the northern parts of Peloponnesus, and, under the command of Tisamenus, the son of Orestes, took possession of the country of the Ionians, and called it Achaia. The successors of Tisamenus ruled until the time of Gyges' tyranny, when Achaia was parceled into 12 small republics. Three of these- Patræ, Dyme, and Phare-became famous as a confederacy, 284 B. c., under the name of the Achæan League. At last, however, they were attacked by the Romans, and, after one year's hostilities, the Achæan League was totally destroyed. B. c. 147.
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Acheson
EDWARD GOODRICH, an American inventor, born in Washington, Pa., in 1856. He received an academic education and for a short time acted as assistant of Thomas A. Edison. He invented carborundum, silicon, and several methods of making graphite. He has received medals from many American and foreign scientific societies, and has been president of the American Chemical Society and an officer and member of many other chemical societies.
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Achmet
An Arabian soothsayer of the ninth century. He wrote a book on The Interpretation of Dreams , following the doctrines of the East. The original is lost, but the Greek and Latin translations were printed at Paris, in 1603.
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Achmet Tewfik Pasha
a Turkish statesman, born in 1818 at Constantinople. His father was a Greek convert; his mother was a Jewess. He was educated at Paris. He was appointed commander for the Porte, and displayed great diplomatic talent, and was sent, in 1851, as Ambassador to Persia. On his return he became a member of the state council and of the military council. He was regarded as one of the leaders in the Turkish reform party. In 1860_and 1861 he was Ambassador to Paris. He translated Molière into Turkish, and wrote a geographical text-book for schools. In 1877 the Sultan appointed him President of the first Turkish Chamber of Deputies. In 1878 he was Premier and signed the Peace of Santo Stefano. He died in June, 1891. ACHROMATIC. See TELESCOPE.
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Aci
or ACI REALE, a seaport town in Sicily, province of Catania, well built with lava, having a castle and many fine edifices. It has manufactories of silks, linens, cutlery, and filigree work. Pop. about 37,000.
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Acid Proof Cement
Important: Safety Warning
This page describes trade processes that use dangerously toxic materials such as cyanide solutions, mercury amalgams, or strong acids. These processes require training, equipment, and precautions far beyond what the text describes.
This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon.
Form a paste of powdered glass and a concentrated solution of silicate of soda. Cement for Thin Metal Sheets. Cut isinglass into small pieces and dissolve in a little water at a moderate heat; add a small quantity of nitric acid, the quantity being determined by experiment; with too much acid the cement dries too slowly, while with too little it does not adhere well. Cement for Glass and Brass. Melt together 1 part of wax and 5 parts of resin, and after melting stir in 1 part of burned ochre and 1/4 part plaster of
Important: Safety Warning
This page describes trade processes that use dangerously toxic materials such as cyanide solutions, mercury amalgams, or strong acids. These processes require training, equipment, and precautions far beyond what the text describes.
This information has been left in for historical purposes but should not be acted upon.
A cement that resists acid is made by melting one part India rubber with two parts linseed oil; add sufficient white bolus for consistency. Neither muriatic nor nitric acid attack it; it softens a little in heat, and its surface does not dry easily; which is produced by adding one-fifth part litharge.
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Acids
in chemistry, a salt of hydrogen in which the hydrogen can be replaced by a metal, or can, with a basic metallic oxide, form a salt of that metal and water. Acid oxides of the same element are distinguished by the termination of -ous and -ic-as sulphurous and sulphuric-the latter containing the most oxygen; they are also called anhydrides. They unite with water and form acids having the same terminations. By replacement of the hydrogen by a metal they form salts distinguished by the terminations -ite and -ate respectively. These acids are called oxygen acids. Many acids are formed by direct union of hydrogen with an element, as hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrosulphuric acid (H2S), or with an organic radical, as hydrocyanic acid, H(CN). Acids which are soluble in water redden blue litmus, and have a sour taste. Organic acids can be produced by the oxidation of an alcohol or aldehyde. They contain the monad radical (HOOC), once if they are monobasic, twice if dibasic, etc. They are also classed as monatomic, diatomic, etc., according as they are derived from a monatomic or diatomic alcohol, etc. Many of vegeorganic acids occur in the juices , as formic acid tables, some in animals in ants.
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Acilea
a ACHAIA. generic term employed
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Acland
SIR HENRY WENT- WORTH DYKE, an English sanitarian, born in 1815. He was an expert on chol- . era and the various forms of plague Professor of From 1857 to 1894 he was Medicine at Oxford, besides serving on various sanitary bodies. He was author Memoirs of the Cholera," etc. He of " died Oct. 16, 1900.
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Acne
a genus of skin diseases containing those characterized by pustules, which, after suppurating imperfectly, become small, hard, red, circumscribed skin, resolving themtubercles on the selves but slowly. Among the ng the leading ) the A. simspecies of the genus are (1 plex, consisting of small vari, which and break out on the face, the shoulders, the upper part of the back; (2) A. folthe A. ticularis, or maggot-pimple; (3) indurata, or stone-pock; and (4) the A. resaceæ, or carbuncle face.
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