Arms
COAT OF, or ARMORIAL BEARINGS, a collective name for the devices borne on shields, banners, etc., as marks the dignity and distinction , and , in the case of family and feudal arms, descending from father to son. They were first employed by the crusaders, and became hereditary in families at the close of the 12th century. They took their rise from the knights painting their banners or shields each with a figure or figures proper to himself, to enable him to be distinguished in battle when clad in armor.
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Armstrong (JOHN an American author)
JOHN, an American author and soldier, born at Carlisle, Pa., Nov. 25, 1758; served in the War of the Revolution on the staff of General Gates; was United States Minister to France, 1804-1810, afterward to Spain; and Secretary of War, 1813-1814 . Author of "Newburg Letters," begun in camp, 1783, anonymously, and intended to arouse Congress to redress army griev- He also wrote "Notices of the ances. War of 1812" (1836). He died at Red Hook, N. Y., April 1, 1843.
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Armure
or Royal Armure, a silk fabric used for dresses and trimmings, in which a small angled figure, as a diamond, is repeated over and over at short intervals. This pattern is produced in weaving by the direction the threads are made to take, and by bringing certain threads into relief in parts of the pattern and again sinking them in the web. Armure silk is usually dyed black or in plain colors. It is a durable and satisfactory grade of silk, being usually both soft and thick.
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Army
U. S. nance. Part of Armenia ceded to Turkish Nationalist Government at Angora. New massacres of Armenians in Cilicia following French withdrawal, Nov. 28, 1921.
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Army
U. S. (See MILITARY ORGAN- IZATION, Vol. VI., and UNITED STATES, 1921-1922.) a
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Army Corps
one of the largest divisions of an army in the field, comprising all arms, and commanded by a general officer; subdivided into divisions, which may or may not comprise all arms. ARMY SCHOOLS. See MILITARY ED- UCATION.
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Army of the United States, The
The. By act of Congress of February 2, 1901, the enlisted strength of the army is not to exceed 100,000. At the present time, 1910, the actual strength is about 77,000. The army consists of 15 regiments of cavalry, 30 batteries of field artillery, 126 companies of coast artillery, 30 regiments of infantry, 3 battalions of engineers, with the addition of scouts, 1 regiment in Porto Rico and 50 companies of native scouts in the Philippines. There are over 4,000 officers. The pay of officers increases with the term of service. The maximum pay for the various officers, named in order of rank, is: lieutenant-general, $11,000; major-general, $8,000; brigadier-general, $6,000; colonel, $5,000; lieutenant-colonel, $4,500; major, $4,000; captain, $3,360; first lieutenant , $2,800; second lieutenant , $2,380. Officers defray their own expenses. Privates receive from fifteen dollars to twenty-five dollars per month, with additional allowance for rations and clothing. The army is distributed in garrisons throughout the country. There are fourteen military divisions and departments, commanded usually by brigadier-generals. The United States military appropriation for 1908 was $95,382,246. See Navy ; Militia 2026 Editor's Note: The small 77,000-man force here — barely an afterthought among world armies in 1910 — grew, through two world wars, into the most powerful military on earth , with hundreds of thousands of soldiers, a global network of bases, and a budget larger than the next several nations' combined. The 'native scouts in the Philippines' mark America's brief age of colonial empire. (Ed: BR 2026-06-02)
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Army War College
a department of the United States military educational establishment authorized by Congress in 1900. Brig. Gen. William Ludlow was made chief of the board which drafted the regulations. The faculty of the college study the military tes with organization of the United States an eye to a complete understanding of aing its practical efficiency of operations, and constitute an advisory board to which the Secretary of War can turn at any time for details and recommendations as to any point in the mechanism of the whole military service. The study of plans of campaign by the college and the accumulation of military information make the inauguration of a campaign, in case of war, only a matter of the issuing of the necessary orders by the Secretary.
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Arnauld
the name of a French family, several members of which greatly distinguished themselves. ANTOINE, an eminent French advocate, was born 1560, died 1619. Distinguished as a zealous defender of the cause of Henry IV., and for his powerful and successful defense of the University of Paris against the Jesuits in 1594. His family formed a nucleus of the sect of the Jansenists in France. His son ANTOINE, called the Great Arnauld, was born Feb. 6, 1612, at Paris; died Aug. 9, 1694, at Brussels. He devoted himself to the ology, and was received, in 1641, among the doctors of the Sorbonne. He engaged in all the quarrels of the French Jansenists with the Jesuits, the clergy, and the government, was the chief Jansenist writer, and was considered their head. Excluded from the Sorbonne, he retired to Port Royal, where he wrote, in conjunction with his friend Nicole, celebrated system of logic (hence a called the "Port Royal Logic"). On account of persecution he fled, in 1679, to the Netherlands. His works, which are mainly controversies with the Jesuits or the Calvinists, are very voluminous. His brother ROBERT, born in 1588, died in 1674, was a person of influence at the French court, but latterly retired to Port Royal, where he wrote a translation of "Josephus" and other works. Robert's daughter ANGÉLIQUE, born in 1624, died in 1684, was eminent in the religious world, and was subjected to prosecution on account of her unflinching adherence to Jansenism.
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Arndt
ERNST MORITZ, a German writer and patriot, born at Schoritz, Isle of Rügen, Dec. 29, 1769. On the publication, in 1806, of the first series of his "Spirit of the Times," which kindled patriotic enthusiasm throughout the German lands, he was compelled to take refuge in Sweden. In 1848, a member of the National Assembly, he belonged to the so-called imperial imperial party, pa advocatin advocating the union of Germany under the leadership of Prussia. On his 90th birthday (1859) the whole nation united in paying him homage. Many of his poems have become national lyrics. Among them are "What is the German's Fatherland?" and "The Song of the Field Marshal." He died in Bonn, Jan. 29, 1860.
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