Austrasia
the name given, under the Merovingians, to the eastern possessions of the Franks, embracing Lorraine, Belgium, and the right bank of the Rhine.
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Single-source entries: A (96)
Each of these 13 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
Authors
BRITISH SOCIETY OF, in Lonan association of authors formed don in 1883, for social and business purposes; has a governing committee of 30 clubmembers; maintains an attractive room and publishes a periodical called "The Author."
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Authors' Club
an American organization founded in New York City in governed by an executive committee is the author of a published book proper work equivalent to such a book, is eligible AUTHORS ' LEAGUE OF AMER- ICA, an organization of authors formed to protect their interests and those of others engaged in the production of books and works of art, especially with gives reference to copyright. The league business advice to its members and provides confidential information in regard to publishers, managers, and others enmaterial gaged in the sale of copyright . ' Allied to the League is the Authors League Fund, which has the object of and furnishing assistance to authors others in temporary financial difficulties. The league holds annual meetings at which questions affecting writers and publishers are discussed.
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Auto-Intoxication
self-poisoning by improper elimination of waste substances from the body. Such substances are at all times being produced and may become highly poisonous by putrefaction, etc., while under certain abnormal conditions it is believed that the body itself elaborates substances which are directly poisonous unless quickly eliminated. The remedy for ordinary auto-intoxication is a healthy diet combined with habits of active exercise.
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Autochthones'
the inhabitants Greek name for the original of a country, not settlers, considered as having sprung from the soil itself. The were fond of being so called; Athenians autochthonthe ancients counted among ous races also the Arcadians, Latins, equiv- Gauls, and Scythians. The Latin alent term was aborigines.
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Autocracy
a word signifying that form of government in which the soverand eign unites in himself the legislative the executive powers of the State, and thus rules uncontrolled. Such a sovereign is, therefore, called an autocrat. Nearly all Eastern governments are of this form. Among European rulers, the Emperor Emperor of Russ Russia alone bore the title of Autocrat, the name indicating his freedom from constitutional restraint of every kind. In point of fact, the peculiar feature of an autocracy is the absence of regular and constitutional limits; it is a strong form of personal rule. AUTO DA FÉ (a'tō dä fā), or AUTO DE FÉ ["Act of Faith," from Latin actus, act, and fides, faith], was, in certain Catholic countries, a solemn day formerly held apart by the Inquisition for the punishment of heretics, and the absolution of accused persons found innocent. Thousands of persons perished in this manner in Spain, Portugal, and their colonies. It was instituted in Spain in 1556, and the first instance occurred in 1560, at Valladolid.
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Autogravure
a process of photoengraving, patented by J. R. Sawyer, of London, in 1884. If an ordinary autotype carbon print be placed on silvered copper instead of on paper, the slight relief which the picture possesses is enough to admit of an electrotype being taken from it. The raised parts of the print become the depressed parts in the electrotype. The latter can, therefore, be used for taking impressions from in the same way as an engraved copperplate.
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Autolycus
a son of Mercury, by Chione, a daughter of Dædalion, and one of the Argonauts. His exploits as a thief have been greatly celebrated. AUTOMATIC GUN. See MACHINE GUN.
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Automatic Pistol
an arm adopted by the German Government for use in the army. It is charged with 10 cartridges at a time, may be reloaded with great speed, and is said to possess many advantages over the revolver. The charging is done automatically. The magazine is in the center of the weapon. A feature of the new weapon is a combination, which enables the pistol to be transformed, instantly, into a musket. This is done by using the case as a butt. The bullet of hardened lead weighs five and a half grams. The caliber is 7.03 mm. The initial velocity of the projectile is 425 meters. The sight is graduated to 500 meters, and the extreme range is about 1,000 meters.
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Automatic Regulation
of electrical machines, a type of control or internal regulation ac on accomplished by means of electrical phenomena whereby the speed or other requirement of such machines is kept constantly self-adjusted. Thus a motor by its own inherent laws takes only such a current from the source of supply as is needed at each instant for its varyreligious movement
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Automatism
a word derived from two Greek words signifying self-movement, and usually applied to machinery constructed to represent human or animal actions; automatic, used of an apparatus, implies that it does its work with little or no guidance or interference from man, as in a telegraphic automatic transmitter. The construction of automata has occupied the attention of mankind from very early ages. Archytas of Tarentum is reported, as long ago as 400 b. c., to have made a pigeon that could fly. AUTOMOBILES. See MOTOR VEHICLE
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Automedon
Son of Diores, the charioteer and companion of Achilles , and, after the death of the latter, the companion of his son Pyrrhus . Hence Automedon is used as the name of any skillful charioteer.
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Autonomy
the arrangement by which the citizens of a state manage their own legislation and government; and this evidently may, with certain restrictions, be the case also within limited bodies of the same people, such as parishes, corporations, religious sects. These districts or communities may be autonomous, if not absolutely, yet within certain defined limits. They may be said to' enjoy a partial, limited, or local autonomy. Autonomy is often used to designate the characteristic of the political condition of ancient Greece, where every city or town community claimed the right of independent sovereign action. Recently the word is more specifically used of territories or provinces, which, while subject in some matter to a higher sovereignty, are autonomous in other respects. The self-government enjoyed by the British colonies may be described as a modified form of autonomy.
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