Each of these 14 subjects appears in only one of the 6 encyclopedias on this shelf. None is long enough to carry a page by itself, so they are gathered here by letter. Anything that grows moves out to a page of its own.
a contrivance for retarding or arresting motion by means of friction. In machinery it generally consists of a simple or compound lever, that may be pressed forcibly upon the periphery of a wheel, fixed upon a shaft or axis. See AIR BRAKE.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a genus of spiny finned fishes belonging to Cuvier's family squamipennes, meaning scaly-finned fishes, now called chætodontidæ. It contains but one species, the brama raii, which is common in the Mediterranean. BRAMANTE D'URBINO (brä-man'té), (real name DONATO D'ANGELO), an Italian architect, born in 1444. Showing an early taste for drawing, he was brought up to the profession of a painter, but he quitted it to dedicate his talents to architecture, which he cultivated with uncommon success. He first designed and commenced in 1513, the erection of St. Peter's at Rome, carried on and finished by other architects after his death. Pope Julius II. made him superintendent of his buildings, and, under that pontiff, he formed the magnificent project of connecting the Belvidere Palace with the Vatican by means of two grand galleries carried across a valley. He built many churches, monasteries, and palaces at Rome, and in other Italian cities. He preferred the classic architecture of the Greeks, and was the instructor of Raphael in that art. Bramante painted portraits with ability, and he was skilled in music and poetry. He died in 1514.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a genus of antilopidæ, consisting of a gigantic species with four horns. It is allied to sivatherium, which also is four-horned. Both occur in the Upper Miocene, or Lower Pliocene beds of the Sewâlik Hills in India.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
a district of the province of Surakarta, Java, rich in remains of Hindu temples, of which there are six groups, with two apparently monastic buildings. The edifices are composed entirely of hewn stone. The largest is a cruciform temple, surrounded by five concentric squares, formed by rows of detached cells or shrines, embracing an area of 500 feet square. Several of these dagobas contain cross-legged figures of Buddha.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
or BLACKBERRY (rubus fruticosus), a plant common in Great Britain and most parts of Europe, having prickly stems, which somewhat resemble those of the raspberry. The flowers do not appear till the summer is considerably advanced, continuing to be produced till the frosts of winter set in. The bramble is little cultivated in Great Britain. This being one of the most variable of British plants, its systematic arrangement has been a matter of great controversy. Baker enumerates 21 sub-species sub-species, of which most again pass into varieties. In the United States, where they are called blackberries, they are extensively cultivated for their fruit; and, of late, American kinds have been with advantage introduced into Great Britain. Species of rubus very similar to the common bramble, or varieties of it, abound in the northern parts of Asia, the Himalaya Mountains, and North America.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
BRAMBLE FINCH, or MOUNTAIN FINCH, a bird of the family fringillidæ. It breeds in the more northern parts of Scandinavia; visiting Italy, Malta, Smyrna, etc., in its winter migrations. It has no song, its call note being a single monotonous chirp. It is rather larger than the chaffinch. The tail is forked, and its prevailing colors are black, white, and yellow.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
the skins or husks of ground maize, wheat, rye, or other grain, separated from the flour. The outer skin, or coarse bran, is very indigestible, owing to the presence of a layer of silica. The inner skins, called pollards, are more nutritious, containing fro from 12 to 15 per cent. of nitrogenous matter, matter, and from 20 to 30 per cent. of starch. Unless, however, they are ground very finely, they are apt to set up irritation of the bowels and diarrhea. Though rich in nitrogen, bran appears to possess but little nutritive power. It may be of use to those who are well fed, and need a laxative. It is largely employed in the feeding of horses and cattle, and in brightening goods during the processes of dyeing and calico printing.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
that part of a plant which is produced from a lateral leaf bud on the primary axis or stem. It is looked upon as part of the stem, and not as a distinct organ. A branch generally produces secondary branches, and these give rise to minor ramifications, called branchlets or twigs. The different modes in which branches spring from the stem give rise to the various forms of trees; such as pyramidal, spreading, and weeping.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
the gills of fishes and various other inhabitants of water. They are the apparatus for enabling the animal to extract oxygen from the water, instead of being dependent on the atmosphere.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Cuvier's first order of the sub-class entomostraca. The genera included under it, such as cyclops, cypris, apus, limnadia, branchipus, etc., are now generally ranked under several orders, viz., copepoda, ostracoda, and phyllopoda. It is also a division or "legion" of the sub-class entomostraca. It includes the orders cladocera, phyllopoda and trilobita, perhaps with mesostoma.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
Costa's name for the very anomalous genus of fishes now called amphioxus.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
RIO, a river of northern Brazil, which rises in the Parima Mountains, on the very borders of Venezuela; and, after a S. course of about 400 miles, joins the Rio Negro, of which it is the principal tributary, on its way to the Amazon.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
FRANK BOSWORTH, United States Senator from Connecticut; born in New London, in 1864. He studied at Yale, from which he graduated in 1885. He chose the profession of law and was admitted to the bar in 1888. In that year he was elected to the Connecticut General Assembly, and was made Speaker of that body in 1899. In 1902 he was elected a Representative to the Fifty-seventh Congress and re-elected for the two following terms. He was elected as United States Senator, May 9, 1905; re-elected Jan. 20, 1909, and again on Nov. 3, 1914. He was active in affairs relating to Mexico and took an active stand in opposing ratification of the Versailles Peace Treaty.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia
LOUIS DEMBITZ, an American jurist; born in Louisville, Ky., in 1856. He studied in German schools abroad and also at Harvard University. He was admitted to the bar in 1878. From 1879 to 1916, he practiced law in Boston, where he built up a large clientage and achieved a reputation as a lawyer of remarkable learning and acumen. He was counsel in many cases of national interest, being usually on the side of the public where large corporate interests were concerned. In freight rate cases, eight-hour law controversies, and matters of wage dispute, he has been prominent and he has often been called on to act as arbitrator. He was nominated as a justice of the Supreme Court by President Wilson in 1916, and was confirmed in the face of considerable opposition. He was the first Hebrew to sit on the Supreme Court bench. He was active in the Zionist movement, and in 1920 went to Europe to attend a conference on that question.
Only in Collier's New Encyclopedia