Bonded Warehouses
places where taxable imports or manufactures may be left in government custody, under bond for payment of the duty, till the importer or manufacturer is prepared to make full payment of duty. The system was designed to promote commerce and certain manufactures by lessening the pressure on the importer or manufacturer by means of instalment payments of duty.
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Bondman, The
The, a novel by Hall Caine, published in 1890. The plot is laid in the period of the Napoleonic wars. The hero of the tale, the Bondman, attempts to set right old wrongs by committing new ones. His deeds, however, are so shaped by Providence as to bring good instead of evil upon those he desires to harm. The story is full of action and variety. The development of the character of the hero is a noticeable feature. It has been spoken of as "a kind of modern saga of Iceland and the Isle of Man ." See Caine ; Hall
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Bondu
or BONDOU, a former kingdom of west Africa, in Senegal; now a French protectorate; capital, Bulibani, on the Falemé river. It has a luxuriant vegetation, magnificent forests, and is in many parts under good culture, producing large crops of cotton, millet, maize, indigo, tobacco, etc. The inhabitants are principally the Fulah tribe, and are estimated at about 1,500,000.
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Bone (Chemistry consists partly)
in chemistry, consists partly of animal and partly of earthy matter. The former is called ossein. It yields gelatine on being boiled. The composition of human bones, as analyzed by Berzelius, is shown in the following table: Animal matter soluble by boiling........ 32.17 1.13 Vascular substance Calcium phosphate, with a little calcium 53.04 fluoride... 11.30 Calcium carbonate... 1.16 Magnesium phosphate Soda, with a little common salt. 1.20 100 In the other vertebrates the proportions are slightly different.
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Bone (Physiology a hard dense opaque)
in physiology, a hard, dense, opaque substance used as the internal framework of man, the vertebrata and some cephalopoda, and as the external covering of several classes of animals. It is composed partly of an organic (or animal) and partly of an inorganic (or earthy) material. In a child the material is a trifle under half the weight of the bone, in an adult four-fifths, and in an old person seven-eights. The animal part of bone consists of cartilage, with vessels, medullary membrane and fat. Three hours' boiling will convert it into gelatine. The earthy part consists of phosphate and carbonate of lime, with smaller portions of phosphate and carbonate of magnesia. The outer portion of a bone is in general compact and strong, the interior reticular, spongy, or cancelled, that is, having spaces or cells (called cancelli) communicating freely with each other. The hard surface of bone is covered by a firm, tough membrane called the periosteum. In the compact tissue are vascular canals called havenian canals. There are in bone pores coalescing into a lacuna beneath. It has blood vessels and nerves. Bones may be classified into long, short, flat, and irregular. A long bone is divided into a shaft and two extremities. There are 198 bones in the fully developed human skeleton.
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Bone Ash
ash made of calcined bones. It consists chiefly of tricalcic phosphate Ca" (PO4)2"", mixed with about one-fourth its weight of magnesium phosphate and calcic carbonate.
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Bone Bed
in geology, a bed containing numerous fragments of fossil bones, teeth, etc.
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Bone Manure
one of the most important fertilizers in agriculture. The value of bones as manure arises chiefly from the phosphates and nitrogenous organic matters they contain. Bones have long been used as manure in some parts of England, but only in a rude, unscientific way. It was in 1814 or 1815 that machinery was first used for crushing them in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, and bone dust and dissolved bones are now largely employed as manures, great quanof bones being now imported into Great Britain for this purpose. Before being utilized in agriculture they are often boiled for the or they contain, which is used in the manufacture of soap and lubricants.
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Bongabong
a town in the S. E. part of Luzon, Philippine Islands, with an estimated population of 25,000. It lies in a mountainous district, and attained military importance as the headquarters of a regiment of United States troops. The town has a municipal government based upon popular election.
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Bonham
a city of Texas, the countyseat of Fannin co. It is on the Texas and Pacific, and the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroads, and the Red river. The city is the center of an extensive agricultural district and has an important trade in cotton, grain, and live stock. It is the seat of Carlton College. Its industries include flour mills, cotton and cotton seed oil mills, railroad machine shops, planing mills, etc. Pop. (1910) 4,844; (1920) 6,008.
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Boniface
the name of a landlord in an old English play, whence the frequent use of boniface in the sense of an innkeeper. Boniface was in league with highwaymen. His inn was famous for good ale.
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Boniface
ST., a saint of the Roman calendar, and a native of England, who was sent by Gregory II. to convert the Germans. Gregory III. made him an archbishop. Born in Devonshire in 680; slain by some peasants in Friesland, in 755. His letters were printed in 1616.
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Bonifacio
STRAIT OF, the Fretum Gallicum of the Romans, lies between Corsica and Sardinia. At the narrowest part it is only 7 miles wide. The navigation is difficult owing to the great number of rocks, which, however, are favorable to the production of coral.
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Bonin
or (Japanese) OGASAWARA ISLANDS, a volcanic group in the Pacific BONIFACE V. succeeded Adeodatus in Ocean, 700 miles S. S. E. of Japan, stretching between 26° 30′-27° 45′ N. lat., and between 159°-155° E. long. Area, 32 square miles; population about 4,000. Discovered by Quast and Tasman in 1639, they were taken possession of for Great Britain in 1827 by Captain Beechey; but in 1878 the Japanese reasserted their sovereignty, with the view of making them a penal settlement. The named Port Lloyd. harbor is
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Bonito
a fish, thynnus pelamys. It belongs to the family of scomberidæ (mackerels), and is nearly allied to the BONITO tunny. It is found in the Mediterranean, and is a great foe to the flying fish. The belted bonito is the pelamys sarda, and the plain bonito, the alexis vulgaris.
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