Briah
In the Kabala, the third of the three stages of spirit progress, the three original ranks or classes. Men are called upon to proceed from the lower to the higher. In the Apocalypse Briah is represented as the feet of "the mighty angel with the face of the sun."
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Brian
King of Ireland, son of of Kennedy, King of Munster, son of Lorcan. He ascended the throne of both Munsters, i. e., the present counties of Tipperary and Clare, A. D. 978. His earlier exploits were against the Danes of Limerick and Waterford, but, being elated by frequent successes against these invaders, he deposed O'Maelachaghlin, the supreme king of the island, and eventually became himself monarch of Ireland. Having disputed with Maelmora, the King of Leinster, Maelmora revolted, and, inviting a new invasion of Danes to his assistance, brought on the battle of Clontarf, in which King Brian fell, after gaining a glorious victory on Good Friday, 1014. He was the founder of the numerous sept of O'Brien, O or Ua being a distinctive adnomen not assumed by Irish families till after his time. This national prefix means "descendant of," or, "of the kindred of," and was originally supplied by the more ancient Mac, which means "son." French
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Briand
ARISTIDE, a statesman, an, born in Nantes in 1863. He intended to embrace the law as a profession, but his tendencies led him rather toward journalism and politics. He was connected with a number of Rad- ARISTIDE BRIAND ical journals and allied himself with the Socialist party, in which he soon became a prominent figure. He possessed remarkable oratorical gifts, his voice especially being penetrating and musical. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1902, and in 1906 became Minister of Public Instruction. He was anti-clerical in his sentiments, but he sements, handled the delicate question of the relation of Church and State with tact and moderation. He was three times Prime Minister; in 1909, 1913, and 1916. In case of national exigency, he did not hesitate to act with great decision, as in the great French railway strike, which he broke by calling the employees to the colors. During the war he was a powerful and determined supporter of the Allied cause. BRIAR. See ROSE.
ARISTIDE, premier of France, Jan. 16, 1921, to Jan. 12, 1922. He participated for a short time in the Washington Conference on Limitation of Armament, declaring France's inability to disarm without guarantees of safety.
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Briare
a town of France, in the department of Loiret, on the Loire, 25 miles S. of Montargis. The canal, to which the town is indebted for its importance, is the oldest work of the kind in France, having been begun in the reign of Henry IV., though it was not finished till 1740. It establishes, by means of its junction with the canal of Loing at Montargis, a communication between the Loire and the Seine, and conveys the various products of the province, watered by the former, to Paris.
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Briareus
a famous giant, son of Cœlus and Terra, who had 100 hands and 50 heads, and was called by men Ægeon, and only by the gods Briareus. He assisted the giants in their war against the gods, and, according to the accounts of some, was thrown under Mt. Ætna.
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Briatic World
(See Kabala.) Briccriu surnamed "of the Poisoned Tongue": an Ulster chieftain mentioned in the myth of Cuchulain, a mediæval Irish romance. It is said that upon one occasion he asked certain warriors to a feast, and started the question of which of them was the greatest. Conall, Laery, and Cuchulain, were selected, and a demon called "The Terrible" was requested to decide the point. He suggested whoever could cut off his, The Terrible's, head to-day, and allow-his own head to be cut off on the morrow, would be the most courageous, and therefore most deserve the title of champion. Cuchulain succeeded in beheading the devil, who immediately picked up his head and vanished. The next day he reappeared in his usual form in order to cut off Cuchulain's head. On his placing his head on the block, the demon told him to rise, and acknowledged that he was champion of Ireland .
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Bribery
in the United States, the word applied to an attempt to corruptly influence, by means of offers of reward, the course of legislation, the result of an election, the verdict of a jury, the decision of a magistrate, etc. It is not necessary to constitute an indictable offence that the bribe be accepted. The tender of the bribe is the essence of the crime. If a bribe be offered a witness to swear falsely the crime is not bribery, but is merged into subornation of perjury. The penalty for bribery is fine or imprisonment, or both.
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Brice
ST., Bishop of Tours in the beginning of the 5th century, is commemorated as a confessor. St. Brice's Day, in 1002 (in the reign of Ethelred II.), is notorious in old English history was believed that it was a concerted attempt to exterminate all the Danes in England; but, failing of its bloody pose, it led to reprisals by the Danish King Sweyn.
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Bricking-up
A relative term for bricklaying, and meant by moulders to imply the process of forming the containing-walls of a loam-mould. Bricks in this instance take the place of flasks, the needed rigidity being imparted by binding-plates which, if necessary, may be further strengthened by bolting the sections together. The sweep-board is the guide for laying, and the bricks are set apart for fine cinders to form passages for the gases. See ROUGHING-UP; SKINNING-LOAM; SWEEP-BOARD; BINDING-PLATES; COURSE; FILLING-IN.
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Bricks
Good common bricks have about the following composition: silicia 3/5, alumina 1/5, lime, magnesia, soda, iron, potash, and water being included in the other fifth. The American brick varies in size from 7 3/4 to 8 1/2 inches long, 4 to 4 1/2 wide, and 2 1/4 to 2 1/2 thick. English bricks average 9 inches long, 4 1/2 wide, and 2 1/2 thick. A too severe fire in the kiln fuses the brick and causes hard clinkers; on the other hand, insufficient burning causes a soft brick unfit for use. See FIRE-BRICK.
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