Ban
a term akin to banner, meaning to publish or proclaim. Instead of obtaining a license from the clerk of the court, it was formerly the custom, both in Great Britain and the United States , for those intending to be married to have their bans proclaimed in church a few weeks before the wedding. Any having objections to the marriage were called upon to "forbid the bans," or ever afterward hold their peace. The custom still prevails in the Catholic church. In history the term has, however, a somewhat different significance, a ban being equivalent to a sentence of outlawry. One who had been "banned," or placed under the ban of the empire, might be killed like any wild beast. Chambers gives the following formula employed on such occasions: We declare thy wife a widow and thy children orphans; we restore all thy feudal tenures to the lord of the manor: thy private property we give to thy children: and we devote thy body and flesh to the beasts of the forest and the fowls of the air. In all ways, and in every place where others find peace and safety, thou shalt find none and we banish thee into the four roads of the world--in the devil's name.
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Banana-Bird
a bird xanthornus white bars on the wings. It occurs in or orioles. It is tawny and black, with the West Indies and the warmer parts of continental America . rivers of India. (1) A river of Rajputana,
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Banas
or BUNAS, the name of three rising in the Aravulli Mountains, flows N. E. through Mewar for 120 miles, then S. E, and falls into the Chambal, after a total course of 300 miles; (2) a river which also rises in the Aravulli Mountains, and, after a southwestward course of 180 miles, is lost in the Runn of Cutch; (3) a river of Chutia Nagpur, about 70 miles, and falls into the Sone, Bengal, has a northwestward course of near Rampur. formerly belonging to Hungary, consist-
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Banat
a large and fertile region, ing of the counties of Temesvar, Torontal, and Krisso; principal town, Temesvar. The region originally belonged to Hungary; was occupied by the Turks in 1652- 1716; and was reunited to Hungary in 1799. By the treaty signed at Versailles on June 4, 1920 , the Banat became part of Rumania. Area, 11,009 square miles. Pop. about 1,600,000 . shire, on the Oxford canal and the
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Banca
an island belonging to the Dutch East Indies, between Sumatra and Borneo; area about 4,450 square miles. A large part of the population is Chinese: It is celebrated for its excellent tin, but it produces nothing else of any importance. Pop. (1917) 154,178.
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Bancroft, Herbert Howe
Herbert Howe (1832-), an American historian. He was born at Granville, Ohio. At the age of twenty he established a bookstore in San Francisco . He became interested in Spanish-American history and began the collection of books. He purchased a large part of the library of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico and the library of George Squier, an archaeologist who had conducted extensive explorations in Central America . In all, Mr. Bancroft collected over 60,000 volumes. He reduced this vast mass of material into something like a system by preparing an elaborate index. He then set about the preparation of a history of the Pacific coast from Alaska to Central America. From twelve to twenty accomplished linguists, we are told, have been constantly employed in Mr. Bancroft's service since 1869. Secretaries have all this time been reading, translating, summarizing, cataloguing and indexing the whole collection. The result attained at the cost of half a million dollars, is a mass of systematized information, such as must make the users and the desirers of historical materials elsewhere deeply envious.... Mr. Bancroft has prepared from these materials, and published, a gigantic History of the Pacific States of America in thirty-four unusually large volumes.- J. F. Jameson.
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Band Music
. See Orchestra
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Banda Islands
a group belonging to Holland, Indian Archipelago, S. of Ceram, Great Banda, the largest, being 12 miles long by 2 broad. They are beautiful islands, of volcanic origin, yielding quantities of nutmeg. Goenong Api, or Fire Mountain, is a cone-shaped volcano which rises 2,320 feet above the sea. Pop. about 9,500.
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Banda Oriental
a state of South America, originally settled by Spaniards from Buenos Aires, claimed by Brazil, but, after a war, made in 1825 into the independent state of Banda Oriental del Uruguay-i. e., Eastern Bank of the Uruguay, now usually called simply URUGUAY (q. v.).
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Banded Peak
or MT. HESPERUS, a peak of the San Juan Mountains, in southern Colorado; altitude, 12,860 feet.
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Bandelier
ADOLPH FRANCIS ALPHONSE, a Swiss-American archæologist, born in Berne, Aug. 6, 1840; settled early in the United States, where he carried out important work under the direction of the Archæological Institute of America. His studies have been chiefly among the Indians of New Mexico and Arizona, Central America and Mexico. He was the author of "Art of War and Mode of Warfare" (1877); "Social Organization and Government of Ancient Mexicans" (1878); "Tenure of Lands and Inheritances of Ancient Mexicans" (1878); "An Archæological Tour Into Mexico" (1885); ; a novel of Pueblo Indian life, "The Delight Makers"; "The Gilded Man"; etc. He died at Madrid in 1914.
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Bandholtz
HARRY HILL, an American soldier, born in Constantine, Mich., in 1864. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1890, was commissioned 2d lieutenant in the same year and rose through the various grades, becoming brigadier-general in 1918. For a time he acted as professor of military science and tactics at the Michigan Agricultural College. During the Spanish-American War he served with the 7th Infantry and also saw service in the Philippines, where, in 1902- 1903, he was governor of Tayabas province. He was colonel and assistant chief of the Philippine constabulary, and at the same time was in command of the District of Southern Luzon. He was active against outlaws, and succeeded in capturing the leaders in several uprisings. From 1907 to 1913 he was brigapine dier-general and chief of the Philippin constabulary. In 1914 he served on the Mexican border, remaining until Feb- den (large sea-going ships anchor at ruary, 1918, when he became chief of staff of the 58th Infantry Brigade; he the river), is exceedingly beautiful. provost-marshal-general of the was American Expeditionary Force from September, 1918, to Aug August, 1919. In the latter year he served as American member of the Interallied Military Mission to Hungary.
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