Bright's Disease
a granular 1. disease of the cortical portion of the kidneys, so called because it was first diagnostically described by Dr. Richard Bright, an English physician. It is first emphasized by the secretion of urine containing a large amount of albumen, and this symptom is followed by other complications, usually in rapid sequence. The most commonly observed pathological effects are dropsy, nausea, fever, uræmia, and, in some cases, petrification of the kidneys and ureters.
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Bright, John
John (1811-1899), an English statesman. In 1843 he entered Parliament for Durham. John Bright came into prominence as an advocate of the people for the repeal of import duties on foodstuffs. The Anti-Corn-Law League was established largely through his efforts. During the American Civil War John Bright was an outspoken supporter of the Union cause. He favored the extension of the right to vote to working-men. He aided in relieving the Catholics of Ireland from paying the expenses of the Protestant church. Bright's Disease, a breaking down of the tissue of the kidney. It may be due to a severe cold, to scarlet fever , and other infectious diseases, to poisoning by alcohol, to prolonged nervous strain, or to other causes. A mere inflammation, or the acute form, is cured usually by rest; but a disintegration of the tissues, known as the chronic form, cannot be cured. The progress of the disease may, however, be arrested. Instances have been known in which patients lived for years until carried off by another disease; but, generally speaking, once Bright's disease has secured a firm hold on the kidneys, the patient is likely to be carried off at any time. Richard Bright, whose name is associated with the disease, was an eminent English physician, 1789-1858. He was the first to investigate and make known its character. See Disease
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Brighton
bri'ton, a seacoast town fifty miles due south of London. It has a massive sea wall, a fine drive, and numerous hotels. It is a favorite watering place for London society. Queen Victoria owned a residence here until 1841. The present population is about 125,000. See England
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Brihuega
a town of Spain, in New Castile, on the Tajuna, 20 miles E. N. E. of Guadalajara. Here Dec. 9, 1710, the French, under the Duke de Vendôme, defeated the allies commanded by Lord Stanhope.
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Brill
a fortified seaport town of South Holland, on the N. side of the island of Voorne, near the mouth of the Maas. It contains a government arsenal a vessel with two masts, square-rigged and military magazines, and possesses a good harbor. Pop. 4,000, chiefly engaged as pilots and fishermen. Briel may be considered as the nucleus of the Dutch republic, having been taken from the Spaniards by William de la Marck in 1572. This event was the first act of open hostility to Philip II., and paved the way to the complete liberation of the country. The celebrated admirals De Witt and Van Tromp were natives. BRIENNE (bre-en') a town of France, in the department of Aube; 15 miles N. W. of Bar-sur-Aube. It is remarkable as formerly possessing a military college where the Emperor Napoleon I. received the first rudiments of his education. Here also he attacked Blücher, Jan. 29, 1814, 29,18 1814, forcing him from the town and compelling him to retreat to Trannes.
a flat fish, pleuronectes rhombus, resembling the turbot, but inferior it flavor, besides being smaller in . size. It is common in the markets
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Brillat-Savarin
ANTHELME (bre-yä'-sä-vä-ran'), a French author, He was born in Belley, April 1, 1755. a deputy to the National Convention in and passed 1789; emigrated in 1793; some time in the United States; returned title to fame is to France in 1796. His the work, "Physiology of Taste," an essay on the social ocial implications of gastronomy. He died in Paris, Feb. 2, 1826.
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Brilliantine
a dress fabric woven with cotton warp and mohair weft. It is of plain weave, figured in the loom, or woven with two or more colors. Brilliantine is, in reality, another name for mohair. A similar material is Sicilian cloth, which is woven, however, with a heavy weft, producing a ribbed effect. All three of these fabrics have a lustrous surface, shed dust readily, and are durable. See Angora Wool
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Brine
water saturated with common salt. It is naturally produced in many places beneath the surface of the earth, and is also made artificially, for preserving meat, a little saltpeter being generally added to the solution.
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Brine Shrimp
the only animal, except a species of fly (ephydra), which lives in the Great Salt Lake of Utah. It is a phyllopod crustacean, with stalked eyes, a delicate, slender body, bo which is provided with 11 pairs of broad, paddlelike or leaflike feet. It is about 1/4 of an inch long. Similar forms live in brine vats in various parts of the world.
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Brinvilliers
MA- RIE MARGUERITE, MARQUISE DE, a notorious French poisoner, born about 1630; was the daughter of Dreux d'Aubray, Lieutenant of Paris, and received a careful education. In 1651, she was married to the Marquis, and formed an improper attachment to St. Croix, a young cavalry officer. The latter was imprisoned in the Bastille, and there learned from Exili, an Italian, the composition of poisons, which art he afterward taught to his mistress. They then commenced a series of poisonings, the first victim being the Marquise's father, then her two brothers and her sister, with a view to the ultimate possession of their fortunes. She fled, but was arrested at Liège, and beheaded, in 1676.
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Briquette
French for "small brick." A briquette is simply an admixture of coal dust with pitch, molded under pressure and heat, the pitch or some similar substance being introduced to form the cementing material.
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Brisin
An enchantress who figures in the Morte d'Arthur. She plays an important part in the annunciation of Galahad and the allurement of Lancelot.
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Brisson
EUGENE HENRI, a French politician and journalist, born in Bourges, July 31, 1835. He entered the Chamber of Deputies, in 1871, and won much attention by urging amnesty for the Communists and other political offenders. He became one of the foremost members of the Radical party. He was elected President of the Chamber, in 1881, and became premier in 1885. He was re-elected to the Presidency of the Chamber in 1894, and, in 1895, he retired from the ministry and was a conspicuous candidate for the Presidency of France. In 1898 he again accepted the premiership, but his cabinet was soon overthrown on the army question. He President of the House of Deputies in 1906. was
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