Bouchon
A hard brass tubing sometimes inserted in watch and clock plates to form pivot holes, and known in America as bushing wire. See Bushing. BOW. A device now obsolete, which consisted of a strip of whale-bone, to both ends of which a cord or gut was attached, and which was used to rotate a drill or mandril, before the introduction of watchmakers lathes. The ring of a watch case, by which it is attached to the chain. See also Pendant Bow
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Boucicault
DION (bö-sē-kō'), a dramatic author and actor, born in Dublin, Dec. 26, 1822; educated at London University. He produced his first dramatic work, "London Assurance," before he was 19 years old. Its great success determined his career in life. Once embarked in the profession of a play writer, Boucicault produced piece after piece in rapid succession. "Old Heads and Young Hearts," "Love in a Maze," "Used Up," "Louis XI.," "The Corsican Brothers," ," "The Streets of London," "Flying Scud," "After Dark," "The Shaughraun," "Kerry," and "Colleen Bawn" are the most popular of his works. As a comedian, especially in his own plays, he was highly successful. From 1853 to 1860 he was in the United States, where his popularity was scarcely less than it had been in England. He died in New York City, Sept. 18, 1890.
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Boucle
boo-cla, in weaving, an effect produced by the use of a two-ply yarn, one thread of which is wound around the other and drawn into a little loop or curl, repeated at short intervals. The word boucle is French, and signifies a curl of hair. This method of weaving is used for heavy woolen goods suitable for women's winter suits and cloaks. 2026 Editor's Note: Bouclé went on to clothe an era: the nubbly wool the entry describes became the signature fabric of the Chanel suit, and the most famous garment in modern political history — the pink suit Jacqueline Kennedy wore in Dallas in November 1963 — was bouclé. Still bloodstained, it is stored out of public view until 2103. (Ed: BR 2026-07-01)
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Boudinot
ELIAS (bö'di-not), a ished American patriot and phildistinguished anthropist, born in Philadelphia, May 2, 1740; was President of the Continental Congress (1782), and first President of the American Bible Society (1816-1821). He wrote "The Second Advent of the Messiah," "The Age of Revelation," a reply to Thomas Paine, "The Star in the West," an attempt to identify the American Indians with the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. He died in Burlington, N. J., Oct. 24, 1821.
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Bougainville
LOUIS ANTOINE DE (bö-gan-vēl'), a French navigator, born in Paris, Nov. 11, 1729. At first a lawyer, he afterward entered the army and fought bravely in Canada, under the Marquis of Montcalm, and it was principally owing to his exertions, in 1758, that a body of 5,000 French withstood successfully a British army of 16,000 men. After the battle of Sept. 13, 1759, in which Montcalm was killed and the fate of the colony decided, Bougainville returned to France and served with distinction in the campaign of 1761, in Germany. After the peace he entered the navy, and became a distinguished naval officer. In 1763 he undertook the command of a colonizing expedition to the Falkland Islands, but as the Spaniards had a prior claim the project was abandoned. Bougainville then made a voyage round the world, which enriched geography with a number of new discoveries. In the American War of Independence he distinguished himself at sea, but withdrew the service after the Revolution. He died in Paris, August 31, 1811.
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Bougainville Island
an island in the Pacific Ocean, belonging to the Solomon group (area, 4,000 square It is separated from Choiseul miles). Island by Bougainville Strait. BOUGAINVILLEA (from Bougainville, the French navigator), a genus of nyctaginaceæ (nyctagos). They are natives of the tropics and sub-tropics of both hemispheres, although they have been transplanted to hothouses and gardens in the milder temperate climates.
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Boughton
GEORGE HENRY, an English-American landscape and genre painter, born near Norwich, England, in 1834. His parents came to the United States in 1839, and settled in Albany. He studied art without a master, and, in 1853, went to London and Paris to continue his studies. Since 1861, he has resided in London. His best pictures are "The Idyl of the Birds," "The Scarlet Letter," "Puritans Going to Church," and "The Return of the May Flowers." He was a National Academician, and an Associate of the Royal Academy. He died Jan. 19, 1905.
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Bougie (Port of Algeria on the Bay)
a port of Algeria, on the Bay of Bougie, 120 miles E. of Algiers. Bougie was the Salde of the Romans, and, in the 5th century, was a chief seat of the Vandals; under the Arabs it was raised to such importance that it was called Little Mecca, and was the entrepôt of the trade between Christendom and north Africa; but after various vicissitudes, it had sunk to a small village in 1833, when the French capthe place. Their extensive works have since rendered it a strong fortress, and a commercial center of some value. Pop. about 19,000.
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Bougie (Smooth flexible elastic)
a smooth, flexible, elastic, slender cylinder, designed to be introduced into the urethra, rectum or œsophagus, in order to open or dilate it in cases of stricture or other diseases. It is formed either solid or hollow, and is sometimes medicated. An armed bougie is one with a piece of caustic fixed at its extremity. When an instrument such as is described supra is made of metal and is inflexible it is called a catheter or sound-the former if hollow and the latter if solid.
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Bouillon
originally a German duchy, now a district in Belgium, 9 miles wide and 18 long, on the border of Luxembourg, a woody and mountainous tract. tract. Pop Pop. about 23,000. The small town of Bouillon was once the capital of the duchy, which belonged to the famous Crusader, Godfrey of Bouillon.
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Boulak
a town of Lower Egypt, a suburb and port of Cairo. It has cotton, sugar, and paper factories. Pop. 10,00).
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Boulder
a loose, waterworn, or rounded rock lying on the surface or imbedded in clay and other soils. The name is given to loose rocks lying in water courses, but especially to the rounded blocks of granite and other durable stone found in the paths of former glaciers. The theory is that they were torn from ledges of rock by streams of ice and were transported sometimes for thousands of miles. They vary greatly in size from mere pebbles to huge specimens fifteen feet in diameter. See Glacier ; Agassiz 2026 Editor's Note: These stranded rocks settled a scientific argument. Boulders of a stone found nowhere nearby — glacial erratics — were long explained by Noah's flood, until Louis Agassiz argued in the 1830s that only moving ice could have carried them, which is how the Ice Age was discovered. Some sit where the ice dropped them, perched absurdly on bare rock. (Ed: BR 2026-06-25)
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