Brush
an instrument used for painting, or for removing dirt by light rubbing, from floors, furniture, etc. They are generally made of hair, bristles, or whalebone, and are divided into two classes-simple and compound. Simple brushes are composed of a single tuft, and compound brushes consist of several tufts inserted in a handle. Painters' brushes are examples of the former, and ordinary hair brushes of the latter. The smaller kinds of simple brushes are known by the name of pencil, and are made of camel or sable hair, inserted in quills of different sizes. Compound brushes are so made that a number of tufts are inserted into holes perforated at regular distances in the back, or stock of the handle.
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Brush Turkey
a large gregarious species of bird, talegalla lathami. It is an inhabitant of Australia. It makes its nest in large mounds of brushwood, which it collects, and from which it takes its name.
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Brushes
These implements are now made in infinite variety for foundry purposes. Among the number may be noticed the soft bristles for moulders' ordinary use; blackening brushes of special manufacture for coating vertical moulds; flat English bristle for loam and dry-sand blackening; flat camel's-hair for distributing dry lead on green moulds, as well as for the finer classes of loam and dry-sand finishing, and steel-wire hand-brushes for cleaning castings. An improved steel-wire brush is a rotary, one that may be revolved by power.
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Brussels Sprouts
the small sprouts or heads, each a perfect cabbage in miniature, springing from the stalks of a species of cabbage. They were originally brought from Belgium.
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Brussiloff
ALEXEI ALEXEIE- VITCH, a Russian General, born in Kutais, Russian Caucasus, in 1853. He entered the profession of arms as a lieutenant of cavalry, and had a reputation in the army for his daring horsemanship. He served with distinction in the Russo- Turkish War, 1877-1878. In 1911 he was stationed in Podolia, as the commander of an army corps. When the World War broke out he invaded Galicia and achieved some remarkable victories. In April, 1916, he succeeded General Ivanoff as commander of the southwestern group of armies, and in June of that year defeated the Teutonic forces overwhelmingly in Volhynia and Galicia, capturing great numbers of prisoners and immense supplies of material and munitions. After the deposition of the Czar, the Russian armies began to disintegrate under the influence of the Bolshevist propaganda, and despite herculean attempts on Brussiloff's part to retain discipline, he was unable to resist the inevitable. He was made Commander-in-Chief of all the Russian armies, during the brief spell of Kerensky's control. Soon afterward the Russian front collapsed, and negotiations were entered into looking toward a separate peace between Russia and the Central Powers. For a long period after this little was heard of Brussiloff, and there were reports that he had died; but in 1920 he was Commander-in-Chief of the Red armies engaged in the Polish campaigns.
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Bryant
WILLIAM CULLEN, an American poet, born in Cummington, Mass., Nov. 3, 1794. After two years in Williams College, he turned his attention to law. But in early youth he produced "Thanatopsis," and some of his best lyrics "To a Waterfowl," "The Yellow Violet," etc. In 1829 he became editorin-chief of the New York "Evening Post." His books include "Letters of a Traveler" (1855); "Letters from Spain" (1859); "Letters from the East" (1869); and a "Popular History of the United States," with S. H. Gay (4 vols., 1878- 1882). His "Poems" appeared in New York in 1832. This was followed by "The Fountain and Other Poems" (1842), and "The White-Footed Deer and Other Poems" (1844). His first complete edition was issued in Philadelphia in 1846. In his old age Bryant began a translation of the "Iliad" and "Odyssey," in blank verse; and his last great poem was "The Flood of Years," a noble pendant to "Thanatopsis." He died in New York, June 12, 1878.
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Bryn Mawr College
an institution for the higher education of women, located at Bryn Mawr, Pa. It was founded in 1880. The President is Miss M. Carey Thomas. The faculty numbers 67, and there were 458 students enrolled in 1919. Productive endowment funds amount to over $2,000,000. The library contains 94,000 volumes.
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Bryony
or BRYONIA, a plant, bryonia dioica. It has a large root, white and branched. Its stem is long and weak, with tendrils which enable it readily to cling to bushes in the hedges and thickets where it grows. The inflorescence consists of short axillary racemes of whitish diœcious flowers with green veins. The berries are red. The plant abounds in a fetid and acrid juice. Also a genus of plants belonging to the order cucurbitaceæ (cucurbits). B. alba, or blackberried bryony, which grows on the continent of Europe, is by some believed to be only a variety of the dioica. Several other species are found in the East Indies.
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Bryophyllum
a genus of plants belonging to the order crassulaceæ (houseleeks). There are eight stamina and four ovaries. B. calycinum, the large cupped bryophyllum, has succulent, oval, crenate leaves and long, pendulous, cylindrical flowers. Its native tive country is the East Indies, whence it has been carried to other places. In Bermuda, where it is naturalized and grows abundantly, it is called life plant.
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Bryozoa
the name given by Ehrenberg to a class of molluscoid animals, the peculiarities of which had been previously observed by J. V. Thompson, who had called them polyzoa.
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Bryum
a genus of mosses, the typical one of the family BRYACEÆ (q. v.)
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Bubalis
a genus in the antelope division of hollow-horned, even toed ruminants, not to be confused with the genus bubalus- the BUFFALO (q. v.). The species of bubalis are among the more oxlike antelopes, and one of them is supposed to be the bubalus of the ancients. In this genus the head is elongated, the snout broad, the horns twisted and present in both sexes, the tear pits small, the back sloping off behind, the teats two in number. The bubaline of the north African deserts (B. mauretanica antilope bubalis) is a handsome animal of a reddish brown color, standing about 5 feet high at the shoulder, living in herds, and readily tamed. It is figured on Egyptian monuments. The hartebeest (B. caama) is found in the S., is perhaps slightly larger, has a general gray brown color (black on the outside of the legs and on middle of forehead, with large white spots on haunches), and is at home on the mountains. The sassaby (B. lunata), the bastard hartebeest of the Cape Colonists, is slightly smaller, and is differently colored. The bontebok (B. pygarga) is a smaller and more beautifully colored form of the S. interior, where another species, the violet colored blesbok, is also abundant.
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