Buchtel
HENRY AUGUSTUS, an American educator, born in Akron, O., in 1847. He graduated from De Pauw University in 1872 and in the same year was ordained to the Methodist Episcopal ministry. After serving a year as missionary in Bulgaria he filled pastorates in several cities in Illinois, Denver, Indianapolis, and East Orange, N. J. In 1900 he was chosen chancellor of the University of Denver. He was elected Governor of Colorado in 1907, serving until 1909. BUCHTEL COLLEGE. See AKRON, MUNICIPAL UNIVERSITY OF.
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Buchu
a south African name for several species of barosma, especially B. crenata, crenulata, and serratifolia. They belong to the order rutaceæ, and the section endiosmeæ. They have a powerful and usually offensive odor, and have been recommended as antispasmodics and diuretics.
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Buckbean
the English name of menyanthes, a genus of plants belonging to the order gentianoceæ (gentian worts). Especially the name of menyanthes trifoliata, called also marsh trefoil. It has densely creeping and matted roots, ternate leaves, and a compound raceme or thyrse of white flowers, tipped externally with red, and beautifully fringed within with white thread-like processes. An infusion of its leaves is bitter, and is sometimes given in dropsy and rheumatism. In Sweden two ounces of the leaves are substituted for a pound of hops. In Lapland the roots are occasionally powdered and eaten.
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Bucket Shop
an office for gambling in fractional lots of stocks, grain, etc., with no delivery of securities or commodities sold or purchased. The operation of bucket shops ops is regulated by law in most cities of the United States.
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Buckingham Palace
a royal palace in London, facing St. James' Park, and the principal London residence of the British ruler.
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Buckinghamshire
a county of England in the south-midland section. It has an area of about 743 square miles, of which over 80 per cent. is cultivated. The chief agricultural products are wheat and oats. Dairying is also an important industry. In the northern part woodland. of the county is considerable There are a few manufacturing industries. The chief rivers are the Thames, the Ouse, the Ousel, the Colle, and Thame. The princip The principal towns are Aylesbury, Buckingham, Slough, and Wycombe. The estimated population in 1917 was 205,164.
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Bucklandia
a magnificent and beautiful evergreen tree of the order hamamelideæ, a native of the Himalayas, and growing growing in the island of Sumatra. The timber is not valuable.
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Buckle
HENRY THOMAS, an English historian, born in Kent, Nov. 24, 1822. At an early age he entered his father's counting house, but at 18, on inheriting his father's fortune, he devoted himself entirely to study. The only thing he allowed to distract him from his more serious pursuits was chess, in which he held a foremost place among contemporary players. His chief work, a philosophic "History of Civilization," of which only two volumes (1858 and 1861) were completed, was characterized by much novel and suggestive thought, and by the bold coordination of a vast store of materials drawn from the most varied sources. He died, while traveling, at Damascus, March 29, 1862.
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Buckle, Henry Thomas
Henry Thomas (1821-1862), an English writer. He inherited sufficient property from his father, a wealthy London merchant, to enable him to carry out his own views of life. He was a man of scholarly habits and of feeble health. He conceived the plan of writing a History of Civilization, two volumes of which were completed before his early death. He took issue with the current view that nations rise and fall according to the arbitrary will of Providence. He claimed that climate, soil, food, and the physical nature of a country are the causes that lie at the beginning of civilization; and that, as civilization advances, men become less and less dependent on nature and more and more reliant upon inherited knowledge and mental ability. He also thought that the efforts of any one person are insignificant, compared with the natural trend of national events. Alexander the Great, for instance, was only an instrument in carrying into effect the natural superiority of the Grecian over the Persian civilization. The Greeks would have overrun western Asia sooner or later whether Alexander had lived or not. In like manner he would have said that the American Revolution was a natural conflict of ideas, and that the American ideas were bound to prevail on the American continent whether George Washington and Sam Adams and Patrick Henry had ever lived or not. Other views of almost equal importance have had a profound effect on writers of history ever since his day.
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Buckles
metal instruments, consisting of a rim and tongue, used for fastening straps or bands in dress, harness, etc. Both brass and iron are used for them, the chief kinds being called tongue, roller, brace, and gear buckles. The use of buckles, instead of shoe strings, was introduced into England during the reign of Charles II. They soon became very fashionable, attained an enormous size, and were usually made of silver, set with diamonds and other precious stones.
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Buckley
JAMES MONROE, American Methodist clergyman and editor; born in Rahway, N. J., Dec. 16, 1836. He was educated at Pennington Seminary, Wesleyan University, and at Exeter, N. H. He entered the Methodist ministry in 1858, and speedily attained distinction by his gift of extemporaneous eloquence. He was in great demand as a lecturer. It is as an author and editor, however, that he exerted his greatest influence. He was a powerful force in shaping the policies of his denomination and was noted as a forceful fighter and formidable debater. He edited the chief organ of his denomination, "The Christian Advocate," from 1880 till 1912 with great ability. Among his numerous publications are: "Supposed Miracles," "Midnight Sun," "Cuppand and Nihilist," "Christian Science and Similar Phenomena," "Extemporaneous Oratory," "Constitutional and Parliamentary History of the Methodist Episcopal Church." He died in 1920.
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Buckling
The seamy, unsightly scars to be seen on some castings when too much slicking and too little venting have been expended on clayey loam or sand. When due attention to these shortcomings fails to work an improvement, it is evidence conclusive that more fire-sand is needed in the facing-sand. See SLICKER; SCABBED CASTINGS; VENTING; RAMMING; FACING-SAND. Buckle-chain. See SWIVEL-CHAIN.
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