Bowles
SAMUEL, an journalist, born in Springfield, Mass., pro- Feb. 9, 1826. He was editor and prietor of the Springfield "Republican" irs. and a prominent factor in public affairs. and He wrote "Across the Continent" "The Switzerland of America." He died at Springfield, Mass., Jan. 16, 1878.
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Bowles
FRANCIS TIFFANY, an American naval constructor, born in Springfield, Mass., Oct. 7, 1858. He was graduated at the United States Naval Academy in 1879, and has ever since been prominent in the work of naval construction, with special reference to the rehabilitated United States navy. He was chief constructor of the navy (1901- 1903), and then engaged in shipbuilding in Massachusetts. Member of the Lon- . don Society of Naval Architects American
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Bowling Green
a city of Kentucky, the county-seat of Warren co. It railis on the Louisville and Nashville road and on the Barren river. The city is the center of an important agricultural region producing grain, vegetables, and trade tobacco. It also has important in has two live-stock and horses. The city handsome parks. It is the seat of the Western Kentucky Normal School, Columba's Academy, and other educational institutions. Pop. (1910) 9,173; (1920) 9,638.
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Bowring
SIR JOHN, an English linguist, author and diplomat, born in great trav- Exeter, Oct. 17, 1792; was a that eler and a close student; and boasted he knew 200 languages and could speak 100. In 1825 he became editor of the he ad- "Westminster Review," in which of the Corn vocated free trade by repeal repe Cobden. Laws in advance of Bright and Parliament in 1835- He was a member of 1837 and 1841-1847; was appointed on various commissions, to France, Switzerwas land, Italy, Syria, etc. In 1849 he British consul at Hong-Kong, where he became governor in 1853. He was knighted in 1854. Among his works are "Specimens of the Russian Poets" (London, 1821-1823); "Ancient Poetry and Romances of Spain" (1824); "Specimens of the Polish Poets" (1827); "Serbian Popular Poetry" (1827); "Poetry of the Magyars" (1830); "The Flowery Scroll: a Chinese Novel" (1868); and two important volumes of travel, "The Kingdom and People of Siam" (1857), and "A Visit to the Philippine Islands" (1859). He edited, with a biography (22 vols., the works of Jeremy London, 1838), Bentham. He was also the author of some well known hymns. He died in Exeter, Nov. 23, 1872.
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Box Elder
the English name of negundo, a genus of plants belonging to the order aceraceæ (maples). It resembles acer, but has pinnate leaves. The ash-leaved box elder, negundo americanum, rises to the height of 35 feet, and is an ornamental tree.
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Box Thorn
a genus of solanacea (night-shades). They are ornamental plants. The willow-leaved species, lycium barbarum, so called because it comes from Barbary, is valuable for covering naked walls or arbors. The European box thorn, L. europæum, which is spiny, is used as a hedge plant in Tuscany. The small shoots are said to be eaten in Spain with oil and vinegar.
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Box Tortoise
a name given to one or two North American tortoises, genus cistūdo, that can completely shut themselves into their shell. BOYACÁ, a department of Colombia, touching Venezuela. In the W. it is mountainous; in the E. it has vast prairies, and is watered by the Meta and its tributaries. The Muzo emerald mine is the richest in the world, and the department is rich in salt springs, coal, Area iron, plumbago, and copper ore. 33,293 square miles; pop. about 580,000. Capital, Tunja.
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Boxing the Compass
in seamen's phrase, the repetition of all the points of the compass in their proper order an accomplishment required to be attained by all sailors.
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Boxwood
The fine, hard-grained timber of the box, much used by wood engravers, and in the manufacture of musical and mathematical instruments, etc. The wood is very free from gritty matter, and on that account its saw-dust is much used in cleaning jewelry, drying small polished articles, etc.
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Boy-Ed
KARL, CAPTAIN, German naval attaché of the German Embassy to the United States, prior to the American declaration of war. His recall was requested of the German Government because his presence in this country was objectionable. The German authorities asked why he was considered undesirable , but the American Government refused to give reasons. The facts were that Boy- Ed was known in some way to have received communications intended by the President for his naval advisers; that he was strongly suspected of having been connected with the issue of false manifests to sailing vessels intended to supply German warships, and of fomenting troubles in munition plants. "An accumulation of incidents " was the way the matter was put in diplomatic phrase. The German Government recalled him Dec. 15, 1915.
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Boyce
WILLIAM, an English composer, born in London in 1710; was a chorister at St. Paul's, and was appointed composer to the Chapel Royal, in 1736, and organist in 1758. He received the degree of Doctor of Music from Cambridge in 1749, and was master of the King's band from 1755. Boyce holds a high rank as a composer of church music. His songs include "Hearts of Oak," written for one of Garrick's pantomimes. His best work is the serenata of "Solomon" (1743); his most valuable publication is a collection of the "Cathedral Music" of the two preceding centuries (3 vols., 1760). He died in Kensington, Feb. 7, 1779.
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Boyd
THOMAS DUCKETT, American educator, born in Wytheville, Va., Jan. 20, 1854. He was graduated at Louisiana State University, and has held important posts in the educational institutions of Louisiana. Since 1896 he has been President of Louisiana State University.
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Boyesen
HJALMAR HJORTH (boi'e-sen), an American novelist, born at Frederiksvärn, Norway , Sept. 23 , 1848. After completing his university studies at Christiania, he came to the United States in 1869 and was editor of a Norwegian journal in Chicago. He returned to Europe in 1872 and studied Germanic Philology at Leipsic two years; then, returning to this country , he was Professor of German in Cornell University, and then of Germanic Languages and Literature in Columbia College till his death. His story of Norwegian life, "Gunnar" (1873), and his " Idyls of Norway and Other Poems" (1883 ), show fine imagination. He also wrote "Tales from Two Hemispheres" (1875); “A Norseman's Pilgrimage," "Ilka on the Hilltop, and Other Stories," "A Daughter of the Philistines." He died in New York, Oct. 4, 1895.
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