Butt
ISAAC, an Irish patriot; the first to make political use of the phrase "Home Rule"; was the son of a Protestant rector, and was born in County Donegal, Sept. 16, 1813. Educated at Raphoe and at Trinity College, Dublin, he gained a brilliant reputation for his accomplished scholarship. In 1852 he was elected to Parliament as a Liberal Conservative for Youghal, for which constituency he sat until 1865. He defended Smith O'Brien and others in the State trials of 1848, and, with equal fearlessness and self-devotion, all the Fenian prisoners between the years 1865 and 1869. In 1871 he was elected for the city of Limerick to lead the Home Rule party, but soon found that he could not control them. He died May 5, 1879.
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Butter, Witches'
The devil gives to the witches of Sweden cats which are called carriers, because they are sent by their mistresses to steal in the neighbourhood. The greedy animals on such occasions cannot forbear to satisfy their own appetites. Sometimes they eat to repletion and are obliged to disgorge their stolen meal. Their vomit is always found in kitchen gardens, is of a yellow colour, and is called witches' butter. Magic. Burmese magic consists in the making of charms the manufacture of occult medicine which will cause hallucination, second sight , the prophetic state, invisibility, or invulnerability. It is frequently sympathetic." (See Magic) and overlaps into necromancy and astrology. It does not appear to be at all ceremonial, and is to a great extent unsophisticated, save where it has been influenced Byron, Sir John: (See Haunted Houses .) Byron, Lord (See Haunted Houses .)
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Buttermilk
the residue of cream after the butter has been removed by churning. It forms a wholesome and agreeable as well as a nourishing drink in hot weather. It possesses the slightly acid taste from the acidity developed in ripening the cream. In composition it retains the ash ingredients, casein, and sugar of ordinary milk, while, on account of small particles of butter being left in it, it is not devoid of fatty matter. When the whole milk is churned, the resulting buttermilk is inferior both in taste and quality. In the country districts of both Ireland and Scotland it is commonly taken with porridge or potatoes. Buttermilk is light and digestible, and is used as a beverage in the treatment of certain diseases.
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Butterwort
pinguicula vulgāris, order lentibulariaceæ, a plant growing in bogs or soft grounds in Europe, Canada, etc. The leaves are covered with soft, pellucid, glandular hairs, which secrete a glutinous liquor that catches small insects. The edges of the leaf roll over on the insect and retain it, and the insect thus retained serves as food for the plant. In the N. of Sweden the leaves are employed to curdle milk.
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Butterworth
HEZEKIAH, an American story writer, born in Warren, R. I., Dec. 22, 1839. In 1871 he became editor of the "Youth's Companion." Author of popular juvenile stories and travels, including "Zig-Zag Journeys" (1876-1880); "Songs of History: Poems and Ballads upon Important Episodes in American History" (1887), and "The Wampum Belt" (1896). He died Sept. 5, 1905.
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Butting
The touching of the points of the teeth of two wheels acting with one another. It is caused by the wheels being planted incorrectly, or by pinions or wheels of improper size. See Depthing Tool and Wheels and Pinions.
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Buttresses
in architecture, especially Gothic, projections on the outside of the walls of an edifice, extending from the bottom to the top, or nearly, and intended to give additional support to the walls and prevent them from spreading under the weight of the roof. Flying buttresses, of a somewhat arched form, often spring from the top of the ordinary buttresses, leaning inward so as to abut against and support a higher portion of the building, such as the wall of a clear story, thus receiving part of the pressure from the weight of the roof of the central pile.
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Buttrick
WALLACE, an American educator, born in Potsdam, N. Y., in 1853. He was educated at the Ogdensburg Academy and the Potsdam Normal School. He graduated from the Rochester Theological Seminary in 1883, and in the same year he was ordained to the Baptist ministry. He filled several pastorates until 1902, when he was appointed secretary of the General Educahe was elected tional Board. In 1907 president of the Board.
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Buttz
HENRY ANSON, an American educator, born in Middle Smithfield, Penn., April 18, 1835. He was graduated at Princeton, in 1858, and entered the Methodist ministry in 1858. From 1880 to 1912 he was President of Drew Theological Seminary, and since 1912 President Emeritus. He wrote much on polemics, exegetics, and hermeneutics.
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Butyl
an organic monad, fatty radical, having the formula (C₂H₂)'; also called quartyl, or tetryl, from its containing four carbon atoms. See AL-
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Butyric Acid
an acid obtained from butter; it also occurs in perspiration, cod liver oil, etc. Butyric acid is a colorless liquid, having a smell like that rancid butter; its taste is acrid and of biting, with a sweetish after taste.
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Butyric Ester
a substance obtained from butyric acid with the flavor of pineapples, used in flavoring confectionery, as an ingredient in perfumes, etc.
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Buzfuz
Serjeant, a pompous barrister in Dickens' Pickwick Papers. He becomes counsel for the plaintiff in Mrs. Bardell's famous breach of promise suit against Mr. Pickwick. He bullies his witnesses at the trial and seems especially talented in drawing, from the simplest circumstances, inferences which appear to incriminate Mr. Pickwick.
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Buzzard's Bay
a bay indenting the S. E. coast of Massachusetts; partly formed by the Elizabeth Islands. Its shores afford many summer resorts. Upon the bay New Bedford is situated. BY-LAW, a private law; the local or subordinate law of a city, town, private corporation or other organization. The power to make by-laws is usually conferred by express terms of the charter creating the corporation; though, when not expressly granted, it is given by implication, and it is incidental to the very existence of a corporation. The Constitution of the United States and Acts of Congress made in conformity to it, the Constitution of the State in which a corporation is located, and all acts of the Legislature constitutionally made, together with the common law as there accepted, are of superior force to any bylaw; and such by-law, when contrary to either of them, is void, whether the charter authorizes the making of such bylaw, or not; because no legislature can grant power larger than it possesses.
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