Brunswick (City and county-seat of Glynn)
city and county-seat of Glynn co., Ga.; Ga.; on St. Simon's Sound, 8 miles from the Atlantic Ocean; on the Atlanta, Birmingham and Atlantic, Atlantic Coast Line and the Southern railroads; 80 miles S. by S. W. of Savannah. Its settlement dates back more than 100 years, and its importance as a commercial port has been developed since the close of the Civil War. It has an admirable and spacious harbor, provided with a brick lighthouse; is connected with New York, Fernandina, and Savannah by regular steamship lines; and exports large quantities of cotton, phosphates, tar, turpentine and pine lumber. The city is the seat of a United States Marine Hospital; and is a popular summer and winter resort, with fine hotels. Pop. (1910) 10,182; (1920) 14,413.
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Brunswick (FAMILY OF a distinguished)
FAMILY OF, a distinguished family founded by ALBERT Azo II., Marquis of Reggio and Modena, a descendant, by the female line, of Charlemagne. In 1047 he married Cunigunda, heiress of the Counts of Altorf, thus uniting the two houses of Este and Guelph. From his son, GUELPH, GUELPH, who was created Duke of Bavaria, in 1 1071, and married Judith of Flanders, a descendant of Alfred of England, desc descended Henry the Proud, who succeeded, in 1125, 20; and by marriage acquired Brunswick and nd Saxony. Otno, the great-grandson of Henry by younger branch of his family, was the first who bore the title of Duke of Brunswick (1235). By the two sons of ERNEST of Zell, who became Duke in 1532, the family was divided into the two branches of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (II.) and Brunswick-Hanover, from the latter of which comes the present royal family of Great Britain. The former was the German family in possession of the duchy of Brunswick until the death of the last Duke in 1884. GEORGE LOUIS, son of Ernest Augustus and Sophia, granddaughter of James I. of England, succeeded his father as Elector of Hanover in 1698, and was called to the throne of Great Britain in 1714 as GEORGE I.
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Brunswick (II)
FRIEDRICH WIL- HELM, DUKE OF, fourth and youngest son of Duke Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand of Brunswick, born in 1771. During the war against France, in 1792 and subsequently, he fought in the Prussian armies, was twice wounded, and once made prisoner with Blücher at Lübeck. For the campaign of 1809 he raised a free corps in Bohemia, but was compelled to embark his troops for England, where he was received with enthusiasm. His corps immediately entered the British service, and was afterward employed in Portugal and Spain, the Parliament granting him a pension of £6,000, until he returned to his hereditary dominions, 1813. The events of 1815 called him again to arms, and he fell at Quatre Bras, 1815. Caroline, wife of George IV., was a sister of this prince.
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Brunswick (III)
KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF, born in 1735; entered upon the government in 1780. He received the chief command of the Austrian and Prussian army against France, in 1792, and designed to press forward from Lorraine to Paris, but, after taking Longwy and Verdun, was baffled in Champagne by Dumouriez, defeated at Valmy by Kellermann, and obliged to evacuate the province. In 1793 the Duke, in conjunction with the Austrians, opened the campaign on the upper Rhine, took Königstein and Mentz, and prepared to attack Landau. After a long struggle with varying success the Austrian lines were broken by Pichegru, and the Duke was obliged to follow their retreat across the Rhine. At Auerstadt he was mortally wounded, in 1806.
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Brunswick (Town in Cumberland co Me)
a town in Cumberland co., Me.; at the head of navigation on the Androscoggin river, and on the Maine Central railroad, 26 miles N. E. of Portland, and 8 miles W. of Bath. It is principally engaged in lumbering, milling and manufacturing; and is widely known as the seat of Bowdoin College and the Maine State Medical School. Pop. (1910) 5,341; (1920) 5,784.
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Brunswick Black
a composition of lamp black and turpentine, used for imparting a jet black appearance to iron articles. A similar composition of finer quality is known as Berlin black.
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Brunswick Republic
the former Duchy of Brunswick, in Germany, consists of five detached portions of territory on the rivers Weser, Leine, Ocker, and Aller. It occupies part of the vast plain which stretches from the foot of the Hartz Mountains and their continuations (the Solling) to the German Ocean and the Baltic, with a portion of the rise of those chains on the N. side. The largest portion contains the districts of Wolfenbüttel and Schöningen, in which the cities of Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel, and the towns of Königslutter and Helmstedt, are situated. Two small detached portions of territory, viz., the circles of Thedinghausen on the Weser, and that of Badenburg, are inclosed by the Hanoverian territory, and form part, the former of the Weser district, the latter of the Leine district. Finally, the detached circle of Kalvorde, inclosed within the Prussian province of Saxony, belongs to the district of Schöningen. The duchy has an area of 1,418 square miles. The inhabitants are mostly engaged in agricultural and mining pursuits. Iron is the chief product of the mines worked in the Hartz, Weser and Blankenburg districts. Pop. about 495,000. On Nov. 9, 1918, a popular uprising forced the abdication of the reigning Duke, and Brunswick was proclaimed an independent state.
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Brush
an instrument used for painting, or for removing dirt by light rubbing, from floors, furniture, etc. They are generally made of hair, bristles, or whalebone, and are divided into two classes-simple and compound. Simple brushes are composed of a single tuft, and compound brushes consist of several tufts inserted in a handle. Painters' brushes are examples of the former, and ordinary hair brushes of the latter. The smaller kinds of simple brushes are known by the name of pencil, and are made of camel or sable hair, inserted in quills of different sizes. Compound brushes are so made that a number of tufts are inserted into holes perforated at regular distances in the back, or stock of the handle.
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